scholarly journals Explanatory Styles of Counsellors in Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Boyer ◽  
Paul Jerry ◽  
Gwen R. Rempel ◽  
James Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Client Outcomes ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Positive Expectancy ◽  
Explanatory Styles

AbstractExplanatory style is based on how one explains good and bad events according to three dimensions: personalization, permanence, and pervasiveness. With an optimistic explanatory style, good events are explained as personal, permanent, and pervasive, whereas bad events are explained as external, temporary, and specific. For counsellors, an optimistic explanatory style creates positive expectancy judgments about the possibilities and opportunities for successful client outcomes. In this research study, we explored the explanatory styles expressed in 400 events (200 good events and 200 bad events) extracted from 38,013 writing samples of first year and final year graduate level counsellors in training. Across the three optimism dimensions and within good and bad events, there was one occurrence of a positive relationship between counsellor training time and the amount of expressed optimism. The implications of this study include the need to cultivate optimistic explanatory styles of counsellors in training and practicing counsellors.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Creative Capabilities and Cultural Intelligence: Field Study of Amman’s Five-Star Hotels

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayad F. Altememi ◽  
Imad A. Hassouneh ◽  
Shaker Jarallah Alkshali
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This study aims to identify the relationship between the creative capabilities of workers in 5-star hotels in the city of Amman and their cultural intelligence. In its measurement of the creative capabilities as an independent variable, the study adopted a scale consisting of three dimensions, namely: fluency, flexibility and originality. Whereas it relied in measuring the cultural intelligence as a dependent variable, on a scale consisting of three dimensions, namely: knowledge (cognition), motivation and behavior. The study was conducted on a sample of (258) workers currently working in these hotels. The required particulars for this study were collected through a specially prepared questionnaire for this purpose after having reviewed multi previous studies. The sample was distributed according to the simple random sample mechanism. The study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between the dimensions of creative capabilities of workers in such hotels and their cultural intelligence. The study also included a set of recommendations and mechanisms that can be applied by the managements of these hotels to tackle some aspects of the dimensions constituting the cultural intelligence of workers.

scholarly journals The Implementation of High Performance Work System in Public Organizations: Implication for Organizational Performance.

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (28) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Solomon Ozemoyah Ugheoke
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Work System ◽  
High Performance Work System ◽  
Individual Role

<p>Abstract</p> <p>A principal concern express among organizational researchers is to understand why some organizations irrespective of size, location and sector outperform others. High performance work system (HPWS) offers an explanation for this phenomenon. The implementation of unique practices leads some organizations to outperform others and give organizations the competitive advantage over others. While it has been well established that HPWS practices affect organizational performance within a large and complex organizations, less have been empirically established if they also create benefit for public organizations and this has generated concerns among researchers in the field of HPWS.  Following this argument, this study examines this theoretical gap with a survey data collected from employees in the public sector. Overall, three dimensions of HPWS were identified by the researchers and the level of awareness was assessed on a seven point Likert scale. We found that two out of the three dimensions of HPWS identified in this have a positive relationship with organizational performance.</p> <p>Keywords: HPWS, organizational performance, selective training and development, PMS, individual role.</p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals RESILIENCE, RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION, AND EMOTION REGULATION AMONG FIRST-YEAR THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Sitepu ◽  
May Rauli Simamora ◽  
Johanes Waldes Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Theological Students ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between religious orientation, emotion regulation, and resilience of first-year theological students. The total sample used in this study was 59 first-year theological students at a theological college in Indonesia. The results show a statistically significant positive relationship between religious orientation, emotion regulation, and resilience. The results also show that the effective contribution of emotion regulation is higher than the religious orientation towards resilience. These results indicate the importance of emotional regulation training and religious orientation education to develop resilience in the lives of first-year theological students.

scholarly journals Use of portfolios to correct alternative conceptions and enhance learning

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
Takawira Kazembe
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Science Student ◽  
Teacher Training College ◽  
Primary School Student ◽  
New Information

Forty first-year primary school student teachers at a Teacher Training College in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, participated in an action research study, employing the science student portfolio, during February to July, 2008 . They used the portfolio to record their prior knowledge about the lesson topic, new information learnt during the lesson, and how the new information related to their prior knowledge. Comments on lessons, monthly tests and assignment scores, reflections and a page-long conclusion were also recorded in the portfolio. The monthly test scores improved as the study progressed. Interviews revealed that alternative conceptions emanated from teachers, peers, textbooks, and the failure of students to understand teachers’ explanations. Students’ and administration’s comments revealed stakeholders’ satisfaction with the portfolio’s effectiveness.

scholarly journals Using photo elicitation to understand first-year student experiences: Student metaphors of life, university and learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 146978742090838
Author(s):  
Ella R Kahu ◽  
Catherine Picton
Keyword(s):  
University Student ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
First Year Experience ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Elicitation Method ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
First Year Student

The transition from school to university is challenging and a greater knowledge of the first-year student experience will enable staff to better support their students. University- and government-run student surveys fail to capture the depth and breadth of the first-year experience and so qualitative research is needed to get a more nuanced and holistic understanding of students’ lives. The study described in this article used a photo elicitation method. We asked students to choose four images that represented their first year at university. The data – the chosen photographs and the students’ explanations of their choices – were thematically analysed, focusing in particular on the diverse metaphors students used to depict three dimensions of their experiences: life, university and learning. The findings highlight the dual nature of the transition to university – learning to be a university student and learning to be an adult – as well as the challenges and stresses of that process. The lack of agency that students felt is evident. The students likened their journey to a rollercoaster and talked of not being able to keep up with the fast-moving curriculum. They depicted themselves as passive acquirers of knowledge. The findings offer new ways for staff to understand the challenges that potentially disrupt student engagement in the first year. Both students and staff could benefit from recognising the metaphors in their thinking and, potentially, seeking new metaphors that might reveal different and more positive ways of experiencing the first year in higher education.

scholarly journals Coping strategies as mediator variables between explanatory styles and depressive symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Sanjuan ◽  
Alejandro Magallares
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Explanatory Styles

<p>The main goal of this study was to analyze the relationships among explanatory styles, coping strategies and depressive symptoms. Path analyses conducted with data of 234 individuals showed that Negative Explanatory Style (tendency to explain negative outcomes through internal, stable, and global causes) had both a positive direct effect on depressive symptoms, and an indirect effect on them through the use of avoidant strategies. On the contrary, Enhancing Explanatory Style (tendency to explain positive outcomes through internal, stable, and global causes) had negative direct and indirect effects on these symptoms, but in this case, the indirect effect occurs through the use of problem solving and positive cognitive restructuring coping and the non-use of avoidant strategies. As a whole, the results suggest that to prevent the onset of depressive symptoms or to reduce them once they appear, enhancing explanatory style and problem solving and positive cognitive restructuring strategies should be promoted.</p>

Program Evaluation in Independent Living Rehabilitation

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Richard T. Roessler
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Client Outcomes ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Independent Living Programs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Satisfaction With Services

This paper presents an overview of evaluation questions and techniques appropriate for independent living programs. Key evaluation questions focus on the extent to which the independent living program is a) accomplishing its stated objectives, b) enabling individuals to increase functional capabilities in physical, economic, psychosocial, and educational-vocational areas, and c) increasing access to the physical and social environment for individuals with severe disabilities. Accomplishments in these areas should also have a positive relationship to the satisfaction that the individual has with the services provided. Hence, efficiency and effectiveness of program operation, client outcomes, environmental change, and client satisfaction with services are dimensions along which independent living programs should be assessed.

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