The Role of Public Authorities in Combating Gender-Based Violence

The objective of the research was to identify the factors that contribute to the increase in rates of gender-based violence and to clarify the role of the authorities in the fight against this problem. To achieve this objective, the following methods were used: statistical analysis, hypothetical-deductive model, factor analysis, generalization and analogy and correlation analysis. It was found that there is a negative relationship between the level of violence against women and the economic situation, the level of gender inequality, the level of development of social norms and the level of gender development (only for violence against women who are not intimate partners). A positive relationship between the level of gender development and the level of domestic violence was demonstrated. Factors that directly negatively affected rates of gender-based violence were identified: cultural, traditional, religious beliefs about the status of women in society; authorities' restrictions on the rights of individuals associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The authorities' tools to counter gender-based violence were identified. The perspective of further research is the identification of the social and legal aspects of this global phenomenon.

Does the Achievement of Gender Equality in Society Reflect on Gender Issues in Corporate Governance: The Case of the West Balkan's Banking Sector?

Driven by the idea that women do not realize their full potential in society based on not being equally paid, having lower education level than men and facing discrimination based on maternity leave have been a primary motivation to do the research on the following sources of data: HDI; GDI and GII indexes published for four West Balkan countries and average data of women on boards for the same countries experienced in the most developed and female-dominated industry such as banking. This idea helps us formulate primary research questions -if a country has a better human and gender development index it should have more women that actively participle in business and have a real influence on decision making. Our findings are in line with the fact that Slovenia and Croatia are leading countries in the West Balkan region in terms of the index mentioned, therefore shaping a better place for the position of women in society. On the other hand, Serbia has the lowest value of 2 out of 3 indexes. The similarity between bank board diversity can be found between Serbia and Slovenia. In those two countries, women occupy more positions on the executive boards, but fewer on the supervisory board. The situation is different for Croatia and Montenegro where more women are included in supervisory boards. Contribution is that in Western Balkan countries it is arguable that women have no real influence on businesses and results of operations in the banking sector despite the fact that the mentioned countries have quite a good ranking in the gender development reports.

Making meaning of empowerment and development in rural Malawi—International individualism meets local communalism

Empowerment is a prominent concept in psychology, and for decades, it has been a key term in global development policy, theory, and practice. However, in line with similar turns toward individualism in psychology, the prevalent understanding of the concept centers on individual capacity to change circumstances, with less focus on empowerment as a context-dependent or communal approach. In this article, adopting decolonial feminist psychology as a lens, we analyze how rural Malawians make meaning of the overarching empowerment and development approach of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in their villages, and how they perceive the approaches as fitting with local contexts. When development implementers largely ignore Malawi’s communal lifestyle, individualized empowerment initiatives can lead to individual and communal disempowerment and distress. Given psychology’s large influence on other arenas, and psychology’s implication with the individualized gender-development-empowerment nexus, we argue that it is imperative to explore the effects and experiences of this empowerment approach in different contexts. A more context-appropriate understanding of empowerment—as with most other psychological concepts—is needed.

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Pengarusutamaan Gender (PUG) kota Pekanbaru

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mendeskripsikan dan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Pengarusutamaan Gender (PUG) di Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengevaluasi penyelenggaraan PUG Kota Pekanbaru berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 . Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam. Untuk menguji keabsahan dan validitas data digunakan teknik triangulasi sumberdata dan triangulasi teknik. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Capaian indikator pembangunan gender di Kota Pekanbaru baik dari Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan Indeks Pembangunan Gender (IPG) sudah berada di atas level nasional dan provinsi namun dari Indeks Disparitas Gender (IDG) masih perlu menjadi perhatian pemerintah. Selanjutnya berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Nomor 7 Tahun 2018, Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru telah memenuhi syarat kelembagaan PUG namun hasilnya belum optimal. Hambatan yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan PUG yaitu belum kuatnya regulasi yang mengatur pelaksanaan Gender serta masih lemahnya komitmen pimpinan OPD untuk melaksanakan PUG. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya menetapkan Peraturan Daerah tentang PUG, mendorong munculnya Inovasi – inovasi mendukung PUG dan penguatan sumberdaya baik SDM dan anggaran.This study aims to describe and evaluate the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) in Pekanbaru City. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to evaluate the implementation of PUG in Pekanbaru City based on the Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Regulation Number 7 of 2018. Data collection techniques were carried out with documentation studies and in-depth interviews. To test the validity and validity of the data used data source triangulation techniques and triangulation techniques. The data analysis technique was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the achievement of gender development indicators in Pekanbaru City, both from the Human Development Index (IPM) and the Gender Development Index (GIP) were already above the national and provincial levels, but the Gender Disparity Index (IDG) still needed the government's attention. Furthermore, based on the Regulation of the Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Number 7 of 2018, the Pekanbaru City Government has fulfilled the PUG institutional requirements but the results have not been optimal. The obstacles faced in the implementation of PUG are the lack of strong regulations governing the implementation of Gender and the weak commitment of OPD leaders to implement PUG. This study recommends the need to stipulate a Regional Regulation on PUG, encourage the emergence of innovations to support PUG, and strengthen resources, both human resources and budget.

The Effect of Government Expenditure and Economic Growth on Gender Development Index in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province

The phenomenon of the development inequality between men and women is development problems that still occur in many regions and can be measured using gender development index. This research has purpose to analyze the factors that influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta and indentifying variables that has most influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research uses gender development index as dependent variable and was implemented in the Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, in contrast to the previous research that already exists. In this research, the author have a hypothesis formulation that all independent variables, government expenditure in education sector, government expenditure in health sector and economic growth has a positive effect on gender development index. This research uses a panel data regression analysis with fixed effect model (FEM) approach. The results of this research indicate that variable of government expenditures in education has a negative and significant effect on gender development index in Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, the variable of government expenditures in health and variable of economic growth has a positive and significant effect on gender development index in Province D.I. Yogyakarta, and the dependent variable has most influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta is a government expenditure on health. The implication of this research is the government to pay more attention to ability of each region in realizing the education expenditure, it is neccesary to strengthen cooperaton and equalize of mission both at the province and district/city level to optimize government performance, and need equality on education to reduce education gap in Special Region of Yogyakarta. For expenditure in the health sector, government should increase the percentage of budget allocation for health sector with provision minimum of 10 percent from local government revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) and need performance optimization in financial management so that health budget can be realized optimally as well. Meanwhile in economic growth, the government should to make equalize in the economic growth for each district or city so that can be enjoyed by all level of society. The limitations of this study are use of research data with a limited period and limited information on availability of information on each research variable used

Apakah Pemberdayaan Perempuan dalam Ekonomi dan Politik Telah Meningkatkan IPM Perempuan Indonesia?

Gender Development Index (GDI) shows that gender development inequality in Indonesia is still high because of lower female Human Development Index (HDI) than that of male. This research is pointed to analyse the impact of women empowerment on economy and politics to female HDI. By using multiple linear regression model and harnessing data of 514 regencies/municipalities, this research reveals that share of women on parliament, women on professional work, and women as entrepreneurs simultaneously affects women HDI in Indonesia. ---------------------------------------------- Angka Gender Development Index (GDI) menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia masih mengalami ketimpangan pembangunan gender. Salah satu penyebabnya karena Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) perempuan masih jauh dari IPM laki-laki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah pemberdayaan perempuan dalam bidang ekonomi dan politik dapat meningkatkan IPM perempuan Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan model regresi linier berganda, penelitian terhadap 514 kabupaten/kota menunjukkan bahwa besarnya kontribusi perempuan di parlemen, perempuan sebagai tenaga kerja profesional, dan perempuan sebagai pengusaha secara signifikan meningkatkan IPM perempuan di Indonesia.

Assessment of the Rationality of Gender Studies from the Perspective of Bocheński’s Concept of Philosophical Superstition

In recent years, the issue of the determinants of human gender identity has been lively discussed. In such discussions, there are numerous supporters of the belief that a person’s gender identity does not depend directly on a given individual’s biological endowment with sex, but is the result of various socio-cultural circumstances in which a given person lives. This view began to gain popularity in the scientific community in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is now considered paradigmatic in the rapidly evolving interdisciplinary study of cultural gender development, which is commonly referred to as gender studies. Representatives of gender studies often present the findings obtained in the course of their research as brilliant and modern. However, when viewed through the concept of philosophical superstition, authored by the Polish logician Józef Maria Bocheński (1902–1995), it can be concluded that the proponents of gender studies significantly exaggerate the intellectual momentum of their conclusions and postulates. Furthermore, one can even say that according to Bocheński’s concept of philosophical superstition, gender studies is a discipline which only creates a semblance of rationality (truth). This is because gender studies fail all six criteria which, as Bocheński maintains, distinguish beliefs, views, and theories which are manifestly irrational from those which are not philosophical superstitions. The article consists of three parts. In the first part, Bocheński’s concept of philosophical superstition is discussed and, in particular, the criteria are outlined which, in Bocheński’s opinion, allow one to identify philosophically superstitious thinking. This section also provides examples of philosophically superstitious beliefs, views and theories that fall under each of the criteria. In the second part, gender studies are characterized in terms of the basic assumptions adopted within this trend, as well as its theses and postulates. The third part of the article is devoted to the assessment of gender studies with the use of criteria which, according to Bocheński, make it possible to distinguish theories, beliefs and views without the hallmarks of rationality from those that are not philosophically superstitious.

POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ANAK BERDASARKAN GENDER

Children need education to increase their roles in society. Children education through formal, non-formal, and/or informal education is held to improve the quality of children's skills. Given the huge and importance of the process of parenting education, hence this study aims to determine the influence of parenting on children. Children are great blessings people must be grateful for, hence they deserve the best parenting by their parents. However, parents still treat their children differently. This discussion aims to identify various styles or methods of parenting and their impacts on children. This discussion consisted of four types of parenting proposed by Eisenburg et al. These parenting types are more specific and focused on children’s gender development than other parenting styles that are more general. The four types of parenting are channeling/shaping, direct introduction, differential treatment, and models. There are four types of parenting model according to some psychologists, which are authoritative parenting, neglectful parenting, permissive parenting, and democratic parenting. These four types have their own impacts. While some other opinions believe that authoritative parenting style has 6 (six) parenting styles, which are: Accept children's opinion, Ask about children's mistakes without accusing them, Give advice upon their mistakes, Give appreciation, Give presents, and Facilitate their hobbies.

www.msocialsciences.com A Daughter Not a Son as Predictor of Reggio Emilia Early Childhood Development Acceptance: Paradigm Shift in Households of Rural Areas in Northern Nigeria

Having daughters, not sons to predict accepting education although for children may be controversial in a patriarchal society, whiles in the actual sense is merit. This is so, as society first, perceived daughter and son from traditional gender ideology instead of the human capital view. Patriarchal society feels guilty when daughters turn out as determined, assertive, and competent than sons. This paper explores predictors of Reggio Emilia Early Childhood development (REA-ECD) acceptance, as a paradigm shift to educating daughters and sons equally in rural households basis for gender development. A paradigm shift is a changing thought from a traditional belief to a reality of life in society. The paper draws analysis on collected data from 216 households in Binary Logistic Regression (BLR). It identified daughters as a predictor of high REA-ECD acceptance in rural northern Nigeria. The paper constructed a household background Models with the conclusion that breakthrough may be through curtailing traditional gender-based stratification as daughters instead of sons predicted RAE-ECD acceptance. Therefore, the patriarchal system may erode through gender development education, and future mothers might have increased in human capital quality. This may be easier with the provision of policies, studies, and indigenous knowledge and skills improvement.

“Let’s Talk about Gender” – Development of a Card Deck on (Gender) Sensitivity in HCI Research and Practice Based on a Contrasting Literature Review

Funding bodies in Western societies increasingly require researchers to address gender in their proposals – though often exclusively framed around binary notions. With oppressive power structures being prevalent and persuasive, these seep into current practices of Computer Science and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. However, current curricula rarely provide actors in this space with grounded guidance on gender issues tied to their inquiries. Hence, developing an increased awareness of our societal responsibility towards equity can be challenging without an appropriate starting point. Drawing on a close reading of select literature discussing gender sensitivity in HCI research, we derived practical guidance in the form of recommendations for the design, proposal, conduct and presentation of research. Based on these recommendations, we then present the design of a card deck and initial tests thereof at ditact women’s IT summer university. Our analysis offers a starting point for HCI students and interested researchers to explore questions and issues around gender and to identify how gender relates to their research. This sensitisation may aid them in further reflecting on how they might better account for gendered implications of their work.