Estimating Cascading Effects in Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructures

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Stefan Schauer ◽  
Thomas Grafenauer ◽  
Sandra König ◽  
Manuel Warum ◽  
Stefan Rass
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cascading Effects

scholarly journals Disaster Management in Smart Cities

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-839
Author(s):  
Luís B. Elvas ◽  
Bruno Miguel Mataloto ◽  
Ana Lúcia Martins ◽  
João C. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
New Research ◽  
The City

The smart city concept, in which data from different systems are available, contains a multitude of critical infrastructures. This data availability opens new research opportunities in the study of the interdependency between those critical infrastructures and cascading effects solutions and focuses on the smart city as a network of critical infrastructures. This paper proposes an integrated resilience system linking interconnected critical infrastructures in a smart city to improve disaster resilience. A data-driven approach is considered, using artificial intelligence and methods to minimize cascading effects and the destruction of failing critical infrastructures and their components (at a city level). The proposed approach allows rapid recovery of infrastructures’ service performance levels after disasters while keeping the coverage of the assessment of risks, prevention, detection, response, and mitigation of consequences. The proposed approach has the originality and the practical implication of providing a decision support system that handles the infrastructures that will support the city disaster management system—make the city prepare, adapt, absorb, respond, and recover from disasters by taking advantage of the interconnections between its various critical infrastructures to increase the overall resilience capacity. The city of Lisbon (Portugal) is used as a case to show the practical application of the approach.

Towards Protecting Critical Infrastructures

2015 ◽  
pp. 121-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Caldeira ◽  
Tiago Cruz ◽  
Paulo Simões ◽  
Edmundo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Industrial Control Systems ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Ict Security ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
The Impact

Critical Infrastructures (CIs) such as power distribution are referred to as “Critical” as, in case of failure, the impact on society and economy can be enormous. CIs are exposed to a growing number of threats. ICT security plays a major role in CI protection and risk prevention for single and interconnected CIs were cascading effects might occur. This chapter addresses CI Protection discussing MICIE Project main results, along with the mechanisms that manage the degree of confidence assigned to risk alerts allowing improving the resilience of CIs when faced with inaccurate/inconsistent alerts. The CockpitCI project is also presented, aiming to improve the resilience and dependability of CIs through automatic detection of cyber-threats and the sharing of real-time information about attacks among CIs. CockpitCI addresses one MICIE's shortcoming by adding SCADA-oriented security detection capabilities, providing input for risk prediction models and assessment of the operational status of the Industrial Control Systems.

scholarly journals Improving The Level of Critical Infrastructure Protection by Developing Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Ionuţ Alin Cîrdei
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Critical Infrastructure Protection ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Infrastructure Protection ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Cascading Effects

Abstract Modern society is characterized by the increasing interdependence between the actors of the international environment, in the conditions of globalization of all the fields of social life. Increasing interdependencies, together with the emergence of new risks and threats, which attempt to exploit systemic vulnerabilities, which are increasingly numerous and difficult to eliminate, bring a new issue to states and other security environment actors: to ensure the protection the infrastructure elements that are indispensable to the normal activity of the population, economic agents, nongovernmental organizations and state institutions. Critical Infrastructure Protection becomes an important point on the agenda of all decision-makers who are in a position to counter the asymmetric threats that jeopardize national interests and democratic values. Due to the multiplication of risks and threats and the multiplication of interdependencies between the various infrastructure elements, the protection of critical infrastructures can not be achieved effectively only by ensuring their physical protection. The cascading effects of a disturbance can be felt at the level of society as a whole, and it is therefore necessary to address the issue of ensuring the protection of critical infrastructures in a comprehensive manner including infrastructure and community resilience issues.

scholarly journals Participatory Assessment of Multi Risks in Urban Regions—The Case of Critical Infrastructures in Metropolitan Lima

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2813
Author(s):  
Stefan Greiving ◽  
Mark Fleischhauer ◽  
Christian D. León ◽  
Leonie Schödl ◽  
Gisela Wachinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Participatory Assessment ◽  
Multi Method Approach

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive picture of risk governance and conceptualize an approach to dealing with multi-risks in the Metropolitan Region of Lima, Peru. We argue that the impacts of extreme events are not solely determined by a given place-based vulnerability and risk profile but are considerably influenced by cascading effects caused by service disruptions of critical infrastructures, which may even take place outside the exposed areas. This paper tests a new conceptual framework for assessing criticality and provides an evidence basis for effective risk governance of critical infrastructures in urban regions. The findings are based on a multi-method approach which includes participatory activities. The overall results show that the electricity sector is the sector with the highest systemic criticality, followed by IT and emergency response. These results help to identify gaps in actors’ awareness of interdependencies and show the general criticalities of infrastructures with regard to both physical and actor-related factors. A better understanding of the given interconnection between sectors, but also of specific system elements, is an indispensable prerequisite for resilience building. Furthermore, the analysis underlines specific cooperation and communication needs between different stakeholders but also indicates the requirement for a prioritization of sectors in contingency plans and spatial planning.

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