Surgical Anatomy and Diagnosis of Peripheral Nerve Compression and Injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Giorgio Pietramaggiori ◽  
Laurent Thierrin ◽  
Saja Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Nerve Compression

Peripheral nerve injuries due to osteochondromas: analysis of 20 cases and review of the literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selçuk Göçmen ◽  
Ali Kıvanç Topuz ◽  
Cem Atabey ◽  
Hakan Şimşek ◽  
Kenan Keklikçi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
En Bloc Resection ◽  
Bloc Resection ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Nerve Decompression

Object Nerve compressions due to osteochondromas are extremely rare. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the mechanisms, diagnostic evaluations, and treatment of nerve lesions due to osteochondromas, and to review the literature. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed their clinic data archive from 1998 through 2008, and 20 patients who were operated on due to peripheral nerve injuries caused by osseous growth were enrolled in the study. Patients' age, duration of symptoms, localizations, intraoperative findings, and modified British Medical Research Council (MRC) and electromyography data obtained from hospital records were evaluated. The literature on this topic available in PubMed was also reviewed. All 20 patients underwent surgery, which consisted of tumor excision performed by orthopedic surgeons and nerve decompression performed by neurosurgeons. Results There were 17 men and 3 women included in the study, with a mean age of 21 years (range 18–25 years). Three patients had multiple hereditary exostoses, and 17 had a solitary exostosis. All of the patients underwent en bloc resection. The most common lesion site was the distal femur (45%). The peroneal and posterior tibial nerves were the structures that were affected the most frequently. The mean follow-up was 3.9 years (range 2–7 years). After the surgery, all patients (100%) experienced good sensory recovery (modified MRC Grade S4 or S5). Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, no large series have reported peripheral nerve compression due to exostoses. The authors have several recommendations as a result of their findings. First, all patients with peripheral nerve compression due to an osteochondroma should undergo surgery. Second, preoperative electromyographic examinations and radiographic evaluation, consisting of MRI and CT to provide optimal information about the lesion, are crucially important. Third, immediate treatment is mandatory to regain the best possible recovery. And fourth, performing nerve decompression first and en bloc resection of osteochondroma consecutively in a multidisciplinary fashion is strongly recommended to avoid peripheral nerve injury.

scholarly journals A new model of chronic peripheral nerve compression for basic research and pharmaceutical drug testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Degrugillier ◽  
Katharina M Prautsch ◽  
Dirk J Schaefer ◽  
Raphael Guzman ◽  
Stefan Schären ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Motor Outcomes

Aim: To develop a consistent model to standardize research in the field of chronic peripheral nerve neuropathy. Methods: The left sciatic nerve of 8-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats was compressed using a customized instrument leaving a defined post injury nerve lumen (400 μm, 250 μm, 100 μm, 0 μm) for 6 weeks. Sensory and motor outcomes were measured weekly, and histomorphology and electrophysiology after 6 weeks. Results: The findings demonstrated compression depth-dependent sensory and motor pathologies. Quantitative measurements revealed a significant myelin degeneration, axon irregularities and muscle atrophy. At the functional level, we highlighted the dynamics of the different injury profiles. Conclusion: Our novel model of chronic peripheral nerve compression is a useful tool for research on pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches.

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Presenting as Median Nerve Compression in the Arm

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. DESTA ◽  
M. O’SHAUGHNESSY ◽  
M. A. P. MILLING
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Median Nerve Compression ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma

A 70-year-old woman presented with median nerve compression secondary to enlarged supratrochlear lymph nodes infiltrated with malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Peripheral nerve compression is rarely seen in this condition. The management and prognosis are discussed.

Analgesic Effect of Dizocine Combined with Ropivacaine on Recurrent Neuropathic Pain in Peripheral Nerve Compression Rats

Pharmacology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 514-521
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Chunqin Chu ◽  
Chengtai Ma ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Zhenfang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Withdrawal Threshold ◽  
Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Rat Peripheral Nerve

To explore the analgesic effect of dizocine combined with ropivacaine on recurrent neuropathic pain in rat model of peripheral nerve compression. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham control group (S), peripheral nerve compression model group (M), dizocine group (D), ropivacaine group (R), and combined drug group (DR). Rat peripheral nerve compression model was constructed to observe the symptoms of the rats before and after surgery. Mechanical withdrawal threshold was measured on the 21st day after surgery. The electrophysiological changes of rat peripheral nerve were measured by biopotential recording system, including proximal latency, distal latency, and compound muscle action potential. The incubation period and nerve conduction velocity were further obtained. Histological changes were observed by HE staining and toluidine blue staining. Axon number and myelin damage grade were performed, and the ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical withdrawal threshold, nerve conduction velocity, and compound muscle action potential were effectively increased in combination group. However, the proximal latency, distal latency, and incubation period were significantly reduced. Furthermore, dizocine combined with ropivacaine can effectively reduce the degree of myelination. TEM shown that the DR group had the best therapeutic effect, and the histological appearance of the cross section was quite similar to that of the S group. Dizocine combined with ropivacaine has a significant analgesic effect in rat model of peripheral nerve compression.

Unusual Causes Of Peripheral Nerve Compression

HAND ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol os-10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Anatomical Variants ◽  
Median Artery

summary This paper presents two anatomical variants as possible causes of peripheral nerve compression — the median nerve by a persisting median artery and the ulnar nerve by the muscle anconeous epitrochlearis.

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