The 4th Paradigm in Multiscale Data Representation: Modernizing the National Geospatial Data Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
pp. 589-618
Author(s):  
Barbara P. Buttenfield ◽  
Lawrence V. Stanislawski ◽  
Barry J. Kronenfeld ◽  
Ethan Shavers
Keyword(s):  
Data Representation ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Data Infrastructure

Geospatial Interoperability

2011 ◽  
pp. 1652-1658
Author(s):  
Manoj Paul ◽  
S.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Data Formats

Spatial information is an essential component in almost all decision support system due to the capability it provides for analyzing anything that has reference to the location on earth. Spatial data generally provides thematic information of different aspects over a region. Geospatial information, a variant of spatial information, is generally collected on thematic basis, where individual organizations are involved on any particular theme. Geospatial thematic data is being collected from decades and huge amount of data is available in different organizations (Stoimenov, Dordevi´c, & Stojanovi´c 2000). Information communities find it difficult to locate and retrieve required geospatial information from other geospatial sources in reliable and acceptable form. The problem that has been incurred is the lack of standards in geospatial data formats and storage/access mechanism (Devogele, Parent, Spaccapietra, 1998). Heterogeneity in geospatial data formats and access methods poses a major challenge for geospatial information sharing among a larger user community. With the growing need of geospatial information and widespread use of Internet has fostered the requirement of geospatial information sharing over the Web. The Geo-Web (Lake, Burggraf, Trninic, & Rae, 2005) is being envisioned to be a distributed network of interconnected geographic information sources and processing services that are: • Globally accessible, that is, they live on the internet and are accessed through standard Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and W3C interfaces, • Globally integrated data sources that make use of standard data representation for sharing and transporting geospatial data. Unless a standard means for geospatial information sharing is developed, interoperability cannot be realized. Without successful interoperability approaches, the realization of Geo-Web is not possible. Geo-Web is being developed to address the need for access to current and accurate geospatial information from diverse geospatial sources around the world. The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) initiative has been taken by many nations for providing integrated access of geospatial information (Budak, Sheth, & Ramakrishnan, 2004). Actual data will be kept under the jurisdiction of the organization producing that data. A user will be interested in availing geospatial services through well-defined interface. Without some internationally agreed upon standards for geospatial data and computational methodology, this cannot be made into existence. This chapter discusses several issues towards geospatial interoperability and adoption of geography markup language (GML) (Cox, Cuthbert, Lake, & Martell, 2001; Lake et al., 2005) as a common geospatial data format. The associated technologies that can be used for realizing geospatial interoperability have also been discussed.

A Framework of Local Geospatial Data Infrastructure for Sustainable Urban Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azman Ariffin ◽  
Nabila Ibrahim ◽  
Ghazali Desa ◽  
Uznir Ujang ◽  
Hishamuddin Mohd Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Shape Category ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Data Layers ◽  
Conceptual Data

This paper addresses the need to develop a Local Geospatial Data Infrastructure (LGDI) for sustainable urban development. This research will highlight the effective and efficient framework for the development of local infrastructure. This paper presents a framework (a combination of domain based and goal based frameworks) for developing a Local Geospatial Data Infrastructure. The basis of this research is on a case study conducted in a Malaysian city. The main focus of the case study was on measuring and assessing sustainability. Six conceptual frameworks were produced based on 6 key dimensions of sustainability. The developed framework consists of 6 conceptual data models and 6 conceptual data structures. It was concluded that 30 spatial data layers are needed of which 12 data layers are categorized as point shape, 17 data layers are categorized as polygon shape and 1 data layer as line shape category.

scholarly journals WPS ENABLED SDI: AN OPEN SOURCE APPROACH TO PROVIDE GEOPROCESSING IN WEB ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-5/W2 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
A. K. Tripathi ◽  
S. Agrawal ◽  
R. D. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Web Environment ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Processing Service ◽  
Server Architecture ◽  
The Web

Abstract. Sharing and management of geospatial data among different communities and users is a challenge which is suitably addressed by Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). SDI helps people in the discovery, editing, processing and visualization of spatial data. The user can download the data from SDI and process it using the local resources. However, large volume and heterogeneity of data make this processing difficult at the client end. This problem can be resolved by orchestrating the Web Processing Service (WPS) with SDI. WPS is a service interface through which geoprocessing can be done over the internet. In this paper, a WPS enabled SDI framework with OGC compliant services is conceptualized and developed. It is based on the three tier client server architecture. OGC services are provided through GeoServer. WPS extension of GeoServer is used to perform geospatial data processing and analysis. The developed framework is utilized to create a public health SDI prototype using Open Source Software (OSS). The integration of WPS with SDI demonstrates how the various data analysis operations of WPS can be performed over the web on distributed data sources provided by SDI.

scholarly journals The Strategies for Strengthening National Geographic Information Infrastructure in Nepal

2010 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Nab Raj Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Research ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Lead Agency ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Policy Statements

Nepal has already initiated the National Geographic Information Infrastructure activities (NGII). For a successful implementation of a National Geospatial Data Infrastructure (NGDI), there is a need for a national policy that will provide the necessary guidelines, identify various committees to be responsible for the various aspects of the NGDI (such as standards, custodianship, sharing and partnership) and provide issues that are acting as the constraints against the take off of the NGDI. The issues must be discussed at a forum where all the stakeholders would meet to discuss on the various issues in the draft policy prior to the approval. There is also a need for an agency to be the lead agency in the development of a NGDI, for which the prevalent NGIIP can be given authority to act as a coordinator until the formation of the National Geographic Information Council. This paper highlights that each stakeholder organization must have certain strategies that work in resonance with broad SDI strategies that perform NGII development and proposes its mission, vision and some general policy statements for the development of SDI activities in Nepal. Some goals and corresponding strategies identified as an outcome of recently held evaluation research on NGII has been provided as an aid for its development.

Distributed Geospatial Processing Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 1186-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Granell ◽  
Laura Díaz ◽  
Michael Gould
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Service Description ◽  
Service Oriented Architectures ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Geospatial Services

The development of geographic information systems (GISs) has been highly influenced by the overall progress of information technology (IT). These systems evolved from monolithic systems to become personal desktop GISs, with all or most data held locally, and then evolved to the Internet GIS paradigm in the form of Web services (Peng & Tsou, 2001). The highly distributed Web services model is such that geospatial data are loosely coupled with the underlying systems used to create and handle them, and geospatial processing functionalities are made available as remote, interoperable, discoverable geospatial services. In recent years the software industry has moved from tightly coupled application architectures such as CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture?Vinoski, 1997) toward service-oriented architectures (SOAs) based on a network of interoperable, well-described services accessible via Web protocols. This has led to de facto standards for delivery of services such as Web Service Description Language (WSDL) to describe the functionality of a service, Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) to encapsulate Web service messages, and Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) to register and provide access to service offerings. Adoption of this Web services technology as an option to monolithic GISs is an emerging trend to provide distributed geospatial access, visualization, and processing. The GIS approach to SOA-based applications is perhaps best represented by the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) paradigm, in which standardized interfaces are the key to allowing geographic services to communicate with each other in an interoperable manner. This article focuses on standard interfaces and also on current implementations of geospatial data processing over the Web, commonly used in SDI environments. We also mention several challenges yet to be met, such as those concerned with semantics, discovery, and chaining of geospatial processing services and also with the extension of geospatial processing capabilities to the SOA world.

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