Perceiving ensemble statistics of novel image sets

Perception, representation, and memory of ensemble statistics has attracted growing interest. Studies found that, at different abstraction levels, the brain represents similar items as unified percepts. We found that global ensemble perception is automatic and unconscious, affecting later perceptual judgments regarding individual member items. Implicit effects of set mean and range for low-level feature ensembles (size, orientation, brightness) were replicated for high-level category objects. This similarity suggests that analogous mechanisms underlie these extreme levels of abstraction. Here, we bridge the span between visual features and semantic object categories using the identical implicit perception experimental paradigm for intermediate novel visual-shape categories, constructing ensemble exemplars by introducing systematic variations of a central category base or ancestor. In five experiments, with different item variability, we test automatic representation of ensemble category characteristics and its effect on a subsequent memory task. Results show that observer representation of ensembles includes the group’s central shape, category ancestor (progenitor), or group mean. Observers also easily reject memory of shapes belonging to different categories, i.e. originating from different ancestors. We conclude that complex categories, like simple visual form ensembles, are represented in terms of statistics including a central object, as well as category boundaries. We refer to the model proposed by Benna and Fusi (bioRxiv 624239, 2019) that memory representation is compressed when related elements are represented by identifying their ancestor and each one’s difference from it. We suggest that ensemble mean perception, like category prototype extraction, might reflect employment at different representation levels of an essential, general representation mechanism.

SHAPE

This article results from presentations at conferences in Germany and the United States in 1993 e 1994, which were later revised. The author discusses the notions of Form and Shape and its possible mean- ings in English language and in Laban / Bartenieff Movement Analysis System considering it as an in- dependent category of analysis. It discusses consen- sus and disagreements in the use of this material as well as its symbols or notation signs in different LMA programs. She presents suggestions for notation and to what differences Modes of Shape Change, Shape Qualities, General Shape Flow Baseline and Postur- al Shape Flow Support based on her teaching expe- rience in LMA programs. She also indicates when to use Shape based analysis. On presenting the back- ground of Shape category in LMA, she makes an invi- tation to deepen discussion as a mode of developing and changing shapes and wisdoms for a future use.Keywords Laban/Bartenieff Movement Analysis System. Shape. Modes of Shape Change. Shape Qualities. Notation Symbols.

Perception of Body Image Among Sportspersons

Relationship between body and self-image is a well-known and frequently investigated process. Most especially among athletes, this area has been accentuated till the last decades in the literature. This paper focuses on investigating the attitude of people engaged in sports on a regular basis by concentrating primarily on the perception of their body image, the type and form of sport activities, and the consumption habits of food supplements. After a short literature review, the results of the primary research are introduced. People who took part in the research are engaged in sports on a regular basis, and they do sport activities at least once a week on their own free will. Paper Assisted Personal Interviews (PAPI) was used, primarily concentrating on the attitudes of the respondents. During the research, the following conclusions were made: subjectively perceived “normal” body shape category moving higher and the social judgement of overweight became more and more accepted. Owing to the ideal body shape presented by the consumer society, slimmer people want to become thicker while people with a stronger shape want to become leaner. Hence a social problem come into being that only exist in the athlete’s mind. This phenomenon can fundamentally base the headway of food supplements since the producers offer solutions to all segments’ real or putative problems. The mostly unreal body ideals boost the dissatisfaction of people towards their own bodies. Producers and distributors of food supplements not only emphasize and draw their customers’ attention to the imperfection of their shape, but they also offer a solution to their real or putative problems. The more the consumer is hesitating, the more favourable it is for the producer as the possibility of purchasing is greater.

Analysis of Image Historical Data of Wooden Sculptures of Su-style Furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the image materials of woodcarving furniture in Suzhou area are as important as the actual furniture, which are also valuable material information on the living customs of Suzhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties. From the perspective of imageology, this article analyzes the shape, category, style and other representative works of Su-style furniture’s woodcarving visual image, hoping to provide a reference for the research and design of regional furniture carving.

Correction to: Contour analysis for interpretable leaf shape category discovery

Unfortunately, the original version of the article [1] contained an error in figure 7. The names of species Umus minor and Acer campestre were interchanged. The corrected figure 7 is given below:

Contour analysis for interpretable leaf shape category discovery

Background The categorical description of leaf shapes is of paramount importance in ecology, taxonomy and paleobotanical studies. Classification systems proposed by domain experts support these descriptions. Despite the importance of these visual descriptive systems, classifications based on this expert’s knowledge may be ambiguous or limited when representing shapes in unknown scenarios, as expected for biological exploratory domains. This work proposes a novel strategy to automatically discover the shape categories in a set of unlabeled leaves by only using the leaf-shape information. In particular, we overcome the task of discovering shape categories from different plant species for three different biological settings. Results The proposed method may successfully infer the unknown underlying shape categories with an F-score greater than 92%. Conclusions The approach also provided high levels of visual interpretability, an essential requirement in the description of biological objects. This method may support morphological analysis of biological objects in exploratory domains.

On some products in pro-categories and shape categories

This paper has two parts. In the first part we present a case in which we can calculate in a simple way the product of two inverse systems as object in a pro-category of a category with directed products, without counting systems at the same set of indices. In the second part, which is related to some papers of Keesling [4], Kodama [5], Mardešić [7], and Dydak-Mardešić [10], we give a sufficient condition by which a directed product of a category 𝒯 is transformed by a shape functor S : 𝒯 → Sh(𝒯, 𝒫) into a directed product. This theorem is applied to the toplogical shape category Sh(Top) where some examples are obtained.