An effective method for clustering-based web service recommendation

Normally web services are classified by the quality of services; however, the term quality is not absolute and defined relatively. The quality of web services is measured or derived using various parameters like reliability, scalability, flexibility, and availability. The limitation of the methods employing these parameters is that sometimes they are producing similar web services in recommendation lists. To address this research problem, the novel improved clustering-based web service recommendation method is proposed in this paper. This approach is mainly dealing with producing diversity in the results of web service recommendations. In this method, functional interest, quality of service (QoS) preference, and diversity features are combined to produce a unique recommendation list of web services to end-users. To produce the unique recommendation results, we propose a varied web service classification order that is clustering-based on web services’ functional relevance such as non-useful pertinence, recorded client intrigue importance, and potential client intrigue significance. Additionally, to further improve the performance of this approach, we designed web service graph construction, an algorithm of various widths clustering. This approach serves to enhance the exceptional quality, that is, the accuracy of web service recommendation outcomes. The performance of this method was implemented and evaluated against existing systems for precision, and f-score performance metrics, using the research datasets.

Multi-criteria Web Services Selection: Balancing the Quality of Design and Quality of Service

Web service composition allows developers to create applications via reusing available services that are interoperable to each other. The process of selecting relevant Web services for a composite service satisfying the developer requirements is commonly acknowledged to be hard and challenging, especially with the exponentially increasing number of available Web services on the Internet. The majority of existing approaches on Web Services Selection are merely based on the Quality of Service (QoS) as a basic criterion to guide the selection process. However, existing approaches tend to ignore the service design quality, which plays a crucial role in discovering, understanding, and reusing service functionalities. Indeed, poorly designed Web service interfaces result in service anti-patterns, which are symptoms of bad design and implementation practices. The existence of anti-pattern instances in Web service interfaces typically complicates their reuse in real-world service-based systems and may lead to several maintenance and evolution problems. To address this issue, we introduce a new approach based on the Multi-Objective and Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis method (MOORA) as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method to select Web services based on a combination of their (1) QoS attributes and (2) QoS design. The proposed approach aims to help developers to maintain the soundness and quality of their service composite development processes. We conduct a quantitative and qualitative empirical study to evaluate our approach on a Quality of Web Service dataset. We compare our MOORA-based approach against four commonly used MCDM methods as well as a recent state-of-the-art Web service selection approach. The obtained results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by significantly improving the service selection quality of top- k selected services while providing the best trade-off between both service design quality and desired QoS values. Furthermore, we conducted a qualitative evaluation with developers. The obtained results provide evidence that our approach generates a good trade-off for what developers need regarding both QoS and quality of design. Our selection approach was evaluated as “relevant” from developers point of view, in improving the service selection task with an average score of 3.93, compared to an average of 2.62 for the traditional QoS-based approach.

Enhancing Search-based Testing with Testability Transformations for Existing APIs

Search-based software testing (SBST) has been shown to be an effective technique to generate test cases automatically. Its effectiveness strongly depends on the guidance of the fitness function. Unfortunately, a common issue in SBST is the so-called flag problem , where the fitness landscape presents a plateau that provides no guidance to the search. In this article, we provide a series of novel testability transformations aimed at providing guidance in the context of commonly used API calls (e.g., strings that need to be converted into valid date/time objects). We also provide specific transformations aimed at helping the testing of REST Web Services. We implemented our novel techniques as an extension to EvoMaster , an SBST tool that generates system-level test cases. Experiments on nine open-source REST web services, as well as an industrial web service, show that our novel techniques improve performance significantly.

Web Service Applications and Consumer Environments Based on ICT-Driven Optimization

Networking is the use of physical links to connect individual isolated workstations or hosts together to form data links for the purpose of resource sharing and communication. In the field of web service application and consumer environment optimization, it has been shown that the introduction of network embedding methods can effectively alleviate the problems such as data sparsity in the recommendation process. However, existing network embedding methods mostly target a specific structure of network and do not collaborate with multiple relational networks from the root. Therefore, this paper proposes a service recommendation model based on the hybrid embedding of multiple networks and designs a multinetwork hybrid embedding recommendation algorithm. First, the user social relationship network and the user service heterogeneous information network are constructed; then, the embedding vectors of users and services in the same vector space are obtained through multinetwork hybrid embedding learning; finally, the representation vectors of users and services are applied to recommend services to target users. To verify the effectiveness of this paper’s method, a comparative analysis is conducted with a variety of representative service recommendation methods on three publicly available datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate that this paper’s multinetwork hybrid embedding method can effectively collaborate with multirelationship networks to improve service recommendation quality, in terms of recommendation efficiency and accuracy.

Monitoring Elementary School Students Achievement using Android-based RESTful Web Service

There are still many elementary schools that have not implemented an information system for processing student grades online because of the assumption that this is still not needed, even though in fact the use of computerized information systems can help schools in improving the academic process to be more effective and efficient. Information systems with web-based applications that are now often found still have shortcomings, namely the mobility of their use is still lacking compared to Android-based applications which are now easier to use and access anywhere. The use of web applications as a means for teachers to input values as well as an android application as a means for parents to be able to monitor their children's academic scores is considered to be the most appropriate solution in implementing this information system, but differences in platforms between Android and the web make it difficult for data to be integrated with each other. Therefore we need an interoperability system in order to integrate applications from different platforms. Then an android based academic score monitoring application was made with RESTful web service. The selection of the RESTful web service system itself is because this system applies the concept of a client server where the server to be created is a web-based application that is used by the school to input student grades, and the client application is an android application intended for parents / guardians of students to get information regarding the value of his child. The output of this research is an application system for monitoring the academic scores of elementary school students by implementing the RESTful web service system in its application as well as the results of the application testing questionnaire based on the usability aspect of the application with the final result of the application eligibility percentage of 87%.Keywords: Monitoring Student Values, Platforms, Information Systems.

An Intelligent Cloud Service Composition Optimization Using Spider Monkey and Multistage Forward Search Algorithms

Web service composition allows developers to create and deploy applications that take advantage of the capabilities of service-oriented computing. Such applications provide the developers with reusability opportunities as well as seamless access to a wide range of services that provide simple and complex tasks to meet the clients’ requests in accordance with the service-level agreement (SLA) requirements. Web service composition issues have been addressed as a significant area of research to select the right web services that provide the expected quality of service (QoS) and attain the clients’ SLA. The proposed model enhances the processes of web service selection and composition by minimizing the number of integrated Web Services, using the Multistage Forward Search (MSF). In addition, the proposed model uses the Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) algorithm, which improves the services provided with regards to fundamentals of service composition methods symmetry and variations. It achieves that by minimizing the response time of the service compositions by employing the Load Balancer to distribute the workload. It finds the right balance between the Virtual Machines (VM) resources, processing capacity, and the services composition capabilities. Furthermore, it enhances the resource utilization of Web Services and optimizes the resources’ reusability effectively and efficiently. The experimental results will be compared with the composition results of the Smart Multistage Forward Search (SMFS) technique to prove the superiority, robustness, and effectiveness of the proposed model. The experimental results show that the proposed SMO model decreases the service composition construction time by 40.4%, compared to the composition time required by the SMFS technique. The experimental results also show that SMO increases the number of integrated ted web services in the service composition by 11.7%, in comparison with the results of the SMFS technique. In addition, the dynamic behavior of the SMO improves the proposed model’s throughput where the average number of the requests that the service compositions processed successfully increased by 1.25% compared to the throughput of the SMFS technique. Furthermore, the proposed model decreases the service compositions’ response time by 0.25 s, 0.69 s, and 5.35 s for the Excellent, Good, and Poor classes respectively compared to the results of the SMFS Service composition response times related to the same classes.

Implementation of Microservices Architecture in Learning Management System E-Course Using Web Service Method

Building a learning system using the Learning Management System is already too much but there are many problems that make people think about using it because it is difficult to maintain the system, so to build a system takes a lot of time because the basis for developing the system is monolith-based and difficult to develop if the system development team grows or change. Learning Management System needs to be implemented for easy access to learning because online learning is very important to be a good alternative. From these problems led to the idea to create a Learning Management System in which it can solve services and communicate between services to facilitate efficient development. This study aims to apply the Web Service Implementation Methodology used in building a Learning Management System for an E-Course that facilitates online learning by implementing web services. To perform inter-service solving the methodology used in making this application is the web service method which is implemented on the microservices architecture. Programming languages for differentiating services are PHP and JavaScript. For the user interface, ReactJS is used as the API data manager for each service and the database uses MySQL. This application will later be used as a medium to facilitate online learning, there are members (users) as student actors and admins to manage mentor and course data that will be displayed.

Web Service for Point Cloud Supported Robot Programming Using Machine Learning

In industrial automation, the use of robots is already standard. But there is still a lot of room for further automation. One such place where improvements can be made is in the adjustment of a production system to new and unknown products. Currently, this task includes the reprogramming of the robot and a readjustment of the image processing algorithms if sensors are involved. This takes time, effort, and a specialist, something especially small and middle-sized companies shy away from. We propose to represent a physical production line with a digital twin, using the simulated production system to generate labeled data to be used for training in a deep learning component. An artificial neural network will be trained to both recognize and localize the observed products. This allows the production line to handle both known and unknown products more flexible. The deep learning component itself is located in a cloud and can be accessed through a web service, allowing any member of the staff to initiate the training, regardless of their programming skills. In summary, our approach addresses not only further automation in manufacturing but also the use of synthesized data for deep learning.