Common Extensor Tendon/Common Flexor Tendon

Tendinopathy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Allison Schroeder ◽  
Kentaro Onishi ◽  
Scott Joshua Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Extensor Tendon

Tendon Entrapment in Distal Radius Fractures

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. OKAZAKI ◽  
K. TAZAKI ◽  
T. NAKAMURA ◽  
Y. TOYAMA ◽  
K. SATO
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Distal Radius Fractures ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Extensor Tendons ◽  
Epiphyseal Fracture ◽  
Tendon Entrapment

We retrospectively defined the rate and clinical features of tendon entrapment in 693 consecutive patients with 701 distal radius fractures treated in a single hospital. Eight extensor tendons and one flexor tendon were entrapped. All fractures with extensor tendon entrapment were palmarly displaced (Smith type) or epiphyseal. Flexor tendon entrapment was seen in dorsally angulated (Colles type) epiphyseal fracture. The rate of tendon entrapment in acute distal radius fractures was 1.3%. Extensor tendon entrapment in palmarly displaced fractures is more common.

scholarly journals The relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be due to the helical fibril arrangement of their fascicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (133) ◽  
pp. 20170261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Shearer ◽  
Chavaunne T. Thorpe ◽  
Hazel R. C. Screen
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Mechanical Tension ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Microstructural Model ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fitting Parameters

A nonlinear elastic microstructural model is used to investigate the relationship between structure and function in energy-storing and positional tendons. The model is used to fit mechanical tension test data from the equine common digital extensor tendon (CDET) and superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), which are used as archetypes of positional and energy-storing tendons, respectively. The fibril crimp and fascicle helix angles of the two tendon types are used as fitting parameters in the mathematical model to predict their values. The outer fibril crimp angles were predicted to be 15.1° ± 2.3° in the CDET and 15.8° ± 4.1° in the SDFT, and the average crimp angles were predicted to be 10.0° ± 1.5° in the CDET and 10.5° ± 2.7° in the SDFT. The crimp angles were not found to be statistically significantly different between the two tendon types ( p = 0.572). By contrast, the fascicle helix angles were predicted to be 7.9° ± 9.3° in the CDET and 29.1° ± 10.3° in the SDFT and were found to be statistically highly significantly different between the two tendon types ( p < 0.001). This supports previous qualitative observations that helical substructures are more likely to be found in energy-storing tendons than in positional tendons and suggests that the relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be directly caused by these helical substructures.

scholarly journals Vascularized tendon graft to the central slip using a finger fillet flap

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rogozinski ◽  
R Michael Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Graft ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Fillet Flap ◽  
Hand Defects ◽  
Central Slip ◽  
Trauma Algorithm

Abstract Burn boutonniere deformity (BBD) treatment remains a challenge in reconstructive surgery. Severe hand defects after burn/trauma may be reconstructed with nonsalvageable or amputated tissue. The fillet flap (FF) is generally used as “spare parts” in the trauma algorithm for mangled extremities. This case study examines the use of a FF with concurrent repair of the adjacent finger extensor tendon with the amputated finger flexor tendon after burn injury. The goal is to provide adequate tissue coverage using a finger FF while concurrently reconstructing the central slip of the extensor tendon with the transposed flexor tendon from an adjacent nonfunctional digit. After reconstruction, no subluxation of the extensor tendon occurred with manipulation. Despite prolonged rehabilitation due to injuries, the surgical site healed appropriately. Single-stage FF reconstruction with vascularized tendon grafts should be considered in selected patients with BBD. This novel idea can be applied to the management of traumatized extremities.

Tendons

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Warwick ◽  
Roderick Dunn ◽  
Erman Melikyan ◽  
Jane Vadher
Keyword(s):  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Suture Techniques ◽  
Flexor Tendon Repair ◽  
Tendon Suture ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Flexor Tendon Rupture

Anatomy and physiology 392Tendon healing 394Flexor tendon anatomy 396Flexor tendon zones of injury 400Flexor tendon suture techniques 402Flexor tendon repair 404Closed flexor tendon rupture 410Flexor tenolysis 412Flexor tendon reconstruction 414Extensor tendon anatomy 418Extensor tendon repair ...

scholarly journals High-resolution MRI assessment of dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis shows flexor tendon pulley and sheath-related enthesitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Lyn Tan ◽  
Eiji Fukuba ◽  
Nicola Ann Halliday ◽  
Steven F Tanner ◽  
Paul Emery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
Flexor Tenosynovitis ◽  
Normal Controls

ObjectiveDactylitis is a hallmark of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) where flexor tenosynovitis is common. This study explored the microanatomical basis of dactylitis using high-resolution MRI (hrMRI) to visualise the small entheses around the digits.MethodsTwelve patients with psoriatic dactylitis (4 fingers, 8 toes), and 10 healthy volunteers (6 fingers, 4 toes) had hrMRI of the digits using a ‘microscopy’ coil and contrast enhancement. All structures were evaluated including the tendons and ligaments, related enthesis organs, pulleys, volar/plantar plates and tendon sheaths.ResultsIn dactylitis, collateral ligament enthesitis was seen in nine digits (75%), extensor tendon enthesitis in six digits (50%), functional enthesitis (5 digits, 42%), abnormal enhancement at the volar plates (2/5 joints, 40%) and the plantar plate (1/5 joints, 20%). Nine cases (75%) demonstrated flexor tenosynovitis, with flexor tendon pulley/flexor sheath microenthesopathy observed in 50% of all cases. Less abnormalities which were milder was observed in the normal controls, none of whom had any signal changes in the tendon pulleys or fibrous sheaths.ConclusionsThis study provides proof of concept for a link between dactylitis and ‘digital polyenthesitis’ including disease of the miniature enthesis pulleys of the flexor tendons, further affirming the concept of enthesitis in PsA.

scholarly journals Dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis – prevalence and reliability of ultrasound lesions in a clinical setting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Helena Kamp Felbo ◽  
Mikkel Østergaard ◽  
Inge J. Sørensen ◽  
Lene Terslev
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Reader Reliability ◽  
Flexor Tenosynovitis

Abstract Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of ultrasound elementary lesions in dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and the reliability of scoring these lesions in a clinical setting.Methods. In 31 patients with PsA and clinical dactylitis, ultrasound assessment of the affected digit was performed using grey-scale and color Doppler mode. One examiner scanned all patients and a 2nd examiner scanned 10 patients for inter-reader reliability. The following lesions were evaluated: subcutaneous edema; soft tissue thickening; synovitis of the digital joints; tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon; enthesitis at the deep flexor tendon and the extensor tendon entheses; and paratenonitis of the extensor tendon. A dactylitis sum-score was calculated. Findings in clinically tender and non-tender digits were compared.Results. The most frequent lesions were soft tissue thickening (81%) and subcutaneous edema (74%) followed by synovitis (56–68%) and flexor tenosynovitis (52%). Color Doppler was most frequently found subcutaneously (55%) and around the flexor tendons (45%). All lesions were typically found in combinations, most commonly subcutaneous edema and synovitis (71%), subcutaneous edema and flexor tenosynovitis (52%), and all three in combination (52%). Tender digits had a higher dactylitis sum-score and numerically higher prevalence of most lesions than non-tender digits. Intra- and inter-reader agreements were moderate to excellent, though lower for few components of digital enthesitis, especially hypoechogenicity.Conclusion. Dactylitis in PsA appears to encompass several pathologies, most often subcutaneous changes combined with synovitis and/or flexor tenosynovitis. Reliability of scoring established ultrasound lesions of dactylitis in a clinical setting is moderate-excellent.

scholarly journals Plantar Plate Reconstruction for Stage IV Plantar Plate Tear Using Flexor Tendon Tenodesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Reilly ◽  
Kurosh Darvish ◽  
Soroush Assari ◽  
John Cole ◽  
Eric Gokcen
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Plantar Plate ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Plate Reconstruction

Category: Lesser Toes Introduction/Purpose: Outcomes of the surgical treatment of dislocated lesser toes have improved significantly over the past few years due to the development of techniques to repair plantar plate tears through a dorsal incision. However, treatment of stage 4 tears with no reparable plantar plate can be challenging. The current treatment involves flexor to extensor tendon transfer, requiring multiple incisions and surgical time. An alternative approach is presented, using the same modern techniques of plantar plate repair, but reconstructing the plantar plate using a flexor tendon tenodesis to the plantar base of the proximal phalanx. Methods: Four fresh frozen cadaver foot and ankle specimens were used to determine the stability of this new technique. A simulated Lachman’s test was performed on the 2nd, 3 rd, and 4th metatarsophalangeal joints utilizing a force measurement instrument with displacement control on specimens with an intact plantar plate, an excised plantar plate, and following a flexor tenodesis reconstruction. Results: The intact plantar plate force was 9.0+2.6kN for 2 mm displacement, and following excision of the plantar plate, the force reduced to 1.3+0.4kN. The flexor tenodesis reconstruction improved the force to 6.0+1.9kN. Conclusion: Plantar plate reconstruction with a flexor tenodesis to the proximal phalanx resulted in stability equal to 53% of the intact plantar plate, for the shear displacements between 2 to 6 mm. This procedure may be an alternative treatment option in patients with Stage 4 irreparable plantar plate tears.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Hand Xanthomatosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Gazi Huri ◽  
Noah Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Extensor Tendon

Tendon xanthomatosis often accompanies familial hypercholesterolaemia, but it can also occur in other pathologic states. Of the musculoskeletal system, the Achilles tendon is the most commonly effected tendon due to xanthomatosis. Although there are previous reports for flexor tendon involvement, to our knowledge there is no report in the English literature about bilateral hand extensor tendon xanthomatosis that causes restriction in the range of motion. The case that will be presented in this report is therefore unique.

Tendon and ligament from the horse: an ultrastructural study of collagen fibrils and elastic fibres as a function of age

1978 ◽  
Vol 203 (1152) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Elastic Fibres ◽  
Suspensory Ligament ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Fibril Diameter ◽  
Rat Tail ◽  
Diameter Distributions

A study has been made of the ultrastructural organization of the collagen fibrils and elastic fibres in tendons and ligaments from horses of ages ranging from 2 months premature to 19 years. Diameter distributions of the collagen fibrils in the common digital extensor tendon, the superficial flexor tendon and the suspensory ligament are unimodal in the foetal tissue and at birth, and at these stages of development the three collagenous tissues are virtually indistinguishable. However, at maturity, the ligament and flexor tendon have bimodal distributions similar to that found for rat-tail tendon. The fibril distribution for extensor tendon remains unimodal until the onset of maturity, beyond which the distribution becomes bimodal. Fibril diameter distributions for ligament, extensor and flexor tendon at old age are, as at birth, virtually identical. An estimate has been made of fibrillar collagen content in the three tissues as a function of age. As with rat-tail tendon, the collagen content increases steadily from birth to maturity, at which stage the content remains fairly constant though it does drop slowly with increasing age. The presence of well developed elastic tissue in foetal and immature tendon and ligament shows that the development of the elastic fibres does not parallel the development of the collagen fibrils. In diseased tissues from a 3 year suspensory ligament and an 8.5 year superficial flexor tendon only immature elastic fibres have been observed. Furthermore, since the collagen fibril diameter distributions in these specimens show a marked change from the norm, it would be expected that the mechanical properties of these tissues would be altered significantly.

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