Hybrid Research on Relevance Judgment and Eye Movement for Reverse Image Search

Retrieval Effectiveness of Google on Reverse Image Search

Journal of Imaging Science and Technology ◽

10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2022.66.1.010506 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yıltan Bitirim

Keyword(s):

Information Retrieval ◽

Search Engine ◽

Search Performance ◽

Image Search ◽

Relevance Judgment ◽

Retrieval Effectiveness ◽

Binary Relevance ◽

Similar Images

This study investigates the reverse image search performance of Google, in terms of Average Precisions (APs) and Average Normalized Recalls (ANRs) at various cut-off points,on finding out similar images by using fresh Image Queries (IQs) from the five categories “Fashion,” “Computer,” “Home,” “Sports,” and “Toys.” The aim is to have an insight about retrieval effectiveness of Google on reverse image search and then motivate researchers and inform users. Five fresh IQs with different main concepts were created for each of the five categories. These 25 IQs were run on the search engine, and for each, the first 100 images retrieved were evaluated with binary relevance judgment. At the cut-off points 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100, both APs and ANRs were calculated for each category and for all 25 IQs. The AP range is from 41.60% (Toys—cut-off point 100) to 71% (Home—cut-off point 20). The ANR range is from 47.21% (Toys—cut-off point 20) to 71.31% (Computer—cut-off point 100). If the categories are ignored; when more images were evaluated, the performance of displaying relevant images in higher ranks increased, whereas the performance of retrieving relevant images decreased. It seems that the information retrieval effectiveness of Google on reverse image search needs to be improved.

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Wie werden Verbesserungen nach Typ-II-Traumata infolge unterschiedlicher traumabearbeitender Interventionen eingeschätzt?

Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1026/1616-3443/a000117 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sören Kliem* ◽

Christoph Kröger* ◽

Nico Bayat Sarmadi ◽

Joachim Kosfelder

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bei der Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) nach einem Typ-II-Trauma werden im klinischen Alltag gegenwärtig unterschiedliche traumabearbeitende Interventionen eingesetzt. Fragestellung: Wie werden die Verbesserungen in verschiedenen Symptombereichen (plötzliches Wiedererleben, Vermeidung, Übererregung, Dissoziation und zusätzliche Symptomatik) in Abhängigkeit von dem Einsatz unterschiedlicher traumabearbeitender Interventionen von den Behandlern retrospektiv eingeschätzt? Methode: Aus einer Umfrage unter Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten (N = 272) wurden die Fälle ausgewählt, bei denen die Therapeuten (1) ein Ereignis nannten, das einem Typ-II-Trauma zugeordnet werden konnte, und (2) angaben, traumabearbeitende Interventionen gemäß der traumafokussierenden, kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (TF-KVT), der Methode des Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR-Methode) oder der Psychodynamisch-imaginativen Traumatherapie (PITT) durchgeführt zu haben (n = 37). Außerdem beurteilten die Therapeuten retrospektiv die Verbesserungen in den Symptombereichen zu Therapieende. Ergebnisse: Über 40% der Therapeuten gaben an, die Vorstellungsübungen bzw. Bearbeitung des Täter Introjekts gemäß der PITT eingesetzt zu haben, gefolgt von den traumabearbeitenden Interventionen der TF KVT (35.1%) und der EMDR Methode (21.6%). Die Therapeuten, die Interventionen eines der beiden zuletzt genannten Verfahren einsetzten, schätzten die Verbesserungen in den verschiedenen Symptombereichen höher ein als diejenigen, die angaben, eine Intervention gemäß der PITT durchgeführt zu haben. Schlussfolgerungen: Die retrospektiven Einschätzungen der Verbesserungen durch die Therapeuten stehen im Einklang mit den Empfehlungen der Behandlungsleitlinien zur PTBS.

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Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000344 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 297-311

Author(s):

José David Moreno ◽

José A. León ◽

Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽

Juan Botella

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Movement Data ◽

Sentence Reading ◽

The Difference ◽

Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

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