The Neural Basis of Skull Vibration Induced Nystagmus (SVIN)

I list a summary of the major clinical observations of SVIN in patients with total unilateral vestibular loss (TUVL) and show how basic results from neurophysiology can explain these clinical observations. The account integrates results from single neuron recordings of identified semicircular canal and otolith afferent neurons in guinea pigs in response to low frequency skull vibration with evidence of the eye movement response in cats to selective semicircular canal stimulation (both individual and combined) and a simple model of nystagmus generation to show how these results explain most of the major characteristics of SVIN.

The Effect of compound exercises using the (RANDOM SHOT) device and the electronc goal ln developing the speed of the motor response and the rapid ability of the two goal keepers youth football halls

مستخلص البحث تبلورت مشكلة البحث من خلال ادخال تمرينات مركبة باستعمال اجهزة علمية مثل جهاز ( RANDOM SHOT ) والهدف الالكتروني عند تطبيق تمرينات حراس مرمى المنتخب الوطني للشباب لكرة القدم للصالات. ومن خلال خبرة الباحثتان في المجال الميداني والاكاديمي وعلى الدراسات والبحوث والمقابلات الشخصية مع مدربي لعبة كره قدم للصالات فضلا عن متابعتهما سير التدريب. لاحظتا ان هناك تذبذب في الاستجابة الحركية والقدرة السريعة للرجلين لحراس المرمى والذي قد يعزى الى قلة اهتمام المدربين في تدريب هاتين القدرتين فضلا عن قلة الأجهزة والأدوات التي ترافق التمرينات التي تسمح بحدوث التنوع والتغيير والذي يُعد من القواعد المهمة في التدريب . لذا جاءت هذه الدراسة لتلقي الضوء على هكذا تمرينات وفق الأسس العلمية التي ترتبط بمكونات التدريب الفعلي الخاص بهذه اللعبة وما تتميز به من قدرات بدنية وحركية لغرض إحداث التطوير في مستوى هذه القدرات لحراس المرمى بادخال الوسائل التدريبية والأجهزة مساعده مثل الهدف الالكتروني والراندوم شوت فضلا عن تطبيق تمرينات مركبة يرافقة مؤثرات سمعية وبصرية لبث روح الحماس والابتعاد عن الملل والرتابة للمتدربين سعيا منا لتطوير الجانب البدني والحركي . وكانت هدفا البحث - اعداد تمرينات مركبة باستخدام جهاز ( RANDOM SHOT ) والهدف الالكتروني في تطوير سرعة الاستجابة الحركية والقدرة السريعة للرجلين لدى عينة البحث -والتعرف على تاثير التمرينات باستخدام جهاز ( RANDOM SHOT ) والهدف الالكتروني في تطوير سرعة الاستجابة الحركية والقدرة السريعة للرجلين لحراس مرمى كرة القدم للصالات.اما فرض البحث فكان -توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين نتائج الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية في سرعة الاستجابة الحركية والقدرة السريعة للرجلين لحراس مرمى منتخب الشباب بكرة القدم للصالات . وقد استخدام المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة ذات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي وقد حدد مجتمع البحث بحراس مرمى المنتخب العراقي للشباب بكرة القدم للصالات اما عينة البحث فقد اختيرت بالطريقة العمدية والبالغ عددهم 4 حراس مرمى حيث تم اجراء التجربة الاستطلاعية على 2 من حراس المرمى ضمن عينة البحث ، بعد ذلك تم اجراء الاختبارات القبلية لعينة البحث ومن ثم تطبيق التمرينات باستخدام الاجهزة المساعده . حيث تم تطبيقها في الجزء الرئيسي من الوحده التدريبية وبواقع 24 وحده تدريبية مقسمه على 3 وحدات تدريبية في الاسبوع ولمده شهرين وبعد ذلك تم اجراء الاختبارات البعدية لعينة البحث .واستخدمت الوسائل الاحصائية لمعالجه البيانات، واستنتجت الباحثتان ان التمرينات المركبة باستخدام الاجهزة ساعدت بصورة فعالة الى تطوير سرعة الاستجابة الحركية والقدرة السريعة للرجلين لدى حراس مرمى كرة القدم للصالات ومن اما اهم التوصيات ضرورة استخدام الوسائل التدريبية الحديثة والتركيز على جانب تطوير سرعة الاستجابة الحركيه والقدرة السريعة لحراس المرمى لانها من اهم الصفات البدنية التي تعتمد عليها الواجبات الدفاعية والهجومية لحارس المرمى. الكلمات الافتتاحية / تمرينات مركبة - سرعة الاستجابة الحركية والقدرة السريعة للرجلين- شباب كرة القدم للصالات The Effect of compoundexercises using the (RANDOM SHOT) device and the electronc goal ln developing the speed of the motor response and the rapid ability of the two goal keepers youth football halls Prof.Wadad Kazem Al-zuhairi Masters student-Diana Haidar Ghadban Abstract The research problem shaped through the entry of complex exercises with the introduction of scientific devices as a Random Shot, and the electronic goal when applying goalkeepers exercises for the national football team for halls. Through the experience of the researchers in the field and academic field, and on students, researchers and personal interviews with football coaches, as well as their follow up on the training course. The two researches noticed that there was a variation in the movement response and ability of the goalkeepers' feet. This may be attributed to the lack of interest of trainers in training these two abilities. As well as, the lack of equipment and tools that accompany exercises which allow for diversity and change to occur, it is regarded as one of the important rules in training. Therefore, this study came to shed light on such exercises according to the scientific foundations that are related to the actual training components that are related to the characterized by physical and movement capabilities for the purpose of bringing about development in the level of these capabilities for goalkeepers by introducing training methods and assistive devices like the electronic goal and Random Shot. As well as, applying complex exercises accompanied by audio and visual effects to spread enthusiasm and move away from boredom and monotony for the trainees in an effort to develop the physical and movement side. An objective of research and monotony for the trainers were preparing compound exercises using Random Shot and electronic goal in developing the speed of the motor response and the rapid ability of the feet of the football goalkeepers for halls. As for imposing search, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post-tests of the kinetic response and rapid ability to the feet of the goalkeepers of the youth football team for halls. As for the research sample was deliberately chosen, consisted of four goalkeepers where the reconnaissance experiment was conducted on two goalkeepers within the research sample. After that, pretests were conducted for the research sample, and then, apply exercises using assistive devices where they were implemented in the main part of the training unit, with 24 units divided into 3 training units per week for a period of 2 months. After that, the posttests of the research sample were performed. Statistical methods were used to process the data. The two researchers concluded that combined exercises using devices helped effectively to develop the speed of movement response and the rapid ability of football goalkeepers feet for halls. One of the most important recommendations is the necessity of using modern training methods and the emphasis on the aspect of developing the speed of movement response and rapid ability of the goalkeeper, because it is one of the most physical characteristics on which the defensive and offensive duties of a goalkeeper depend. Key words: Compound exercises, The speed of movement response and the rapid ability of the feet, Youth football halls

Visuo-vestibular gaze control - conserved subcortical processing

Gaze stabilization compensates for movements of the head or external environment to minimize image blurring, which is critical for visually-guided behaviors. Multisensory information is used to stabilize the visual scene on the retina via the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) reflexes. While the organization of neuronal circuits underlying VOR is well described across vertebrates, less is known about the contribution and evolutionary origin of the OKR circuits. Moreover, the integration of these two sensory modalities is still poorly understood. Here, we developed a novel experimental model, the isolated lamprey eye-brain-labyrinth preparation, to analyze the neuronal pathways underlying visuo-vestibular integration which allowed electrophysiological recordings while applying vestibular stimulation using a moving platform, coordinated with visual stimulation via two screens. We show that lampreys exhibit robust visuo-vestibular integration, with optokinetic information processed in the pretectum and integrated with vestibular inputs at several subcortical levels. The enhanced eye movement response to multimodal stimulation favored the vestibular response at increased velocities. The optokinetic signals can be downregulated from tectum. Additionally, saccades are present in the form of nystagmus. The lamprey represents the oldest living group of vertebrates, thus all basic components of the visuo-vestibular control of gaze were present already at the dawn of vertebrate evolution.

A New Approach to Modeling the Prediction of Movement Time

Fitts’ law predicts the human movement response time for a specific task through a simple linear formulation, in which the intercept and the slope are estimated from the task’s empirical data. This research was motivated by our pilot study, which found that the linear regression’s essential assumptions are not satisfied in the literature. Furthermore, the keystone hypothesis in Fitts’ law, namely that the movement time per response will be directly proportional to the minimum average amount of information per response demanded by the particular amplitude and target width, has never been formally tested. Therefore, in this study we developed an optional formulation by combining the findings from the fields of psychology, physics, and physiology to fulfill the statistical assumptions. An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis in Fitts’ law and to validate the proposed model. To conclude, our results indicated that movement time could be related to the index of difficulty at the same amplitude. The optional formulation accompanies the index of difficulty in Shannon form and performs the prediction better than the traditional model. Finally, a new approach to modeling movement time prediction was deduced from our research results.

A New Approach to Modeling the Prediction of Movement Time

Fitts' law predicts the human movement response time for a specific task by a simple linear formulation, in which the intercept and the slope are estimated from the task's empirical data. This research was motivated by our pilot study, which found that the linear regression's essential assumptions are not satisfied in the literature. Furthermore, the keystone hypothesis in Fitts' law, that the movement time per response will be directly proportional to the minimum average amount of information per response demanded by the particular amplitude and target width, has never been formally tested. Therefore, this study developed an optional formulation derived from fusing the findings in psychology, physics, and physiology for fulfilling the statistical assumptions. An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis in Fitts' law and validate the proposed model. To conclude, our results indicated that movement time could be related to the index of difficulty underlying the same constant amplitude. The optional formulation accompanies the index of difficulty in Shannon form robustly performs the prediction better than the traditional model across studies. Finally, a new approach to modeling movement time prediction is deduced from our research results

Effects of COX 1-2 Inhibitors on Prevention of Rocuronium Injection Pain: Controlled, Randomised, Double Blind Study

Purpose : Rocuronium bromide is a painful agent while general anesthesia induction. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of cox inhibitors as a resque agent against the rocuronium pain Methodology : Sixty patients enrolled for the general anesthesia enrolled in this study. Patients were allocated into two groups (Group 1: Dexkethoprofen group, Group 2: Control group) .Pain was evaluated by during rocuronium injection, patients were scored by a scale showed below. 0;No movement response to injection 1;Mild movement response to injection 2;Hand withdrawal response to injection 3;Arm withdrawal response to injection We also evaluated the pain with 2 questions when the patient was in the recovery room.Question 1.What was the last feeling before you fall into sleep? and question 2. Did you feel any pain on your hand during medication injection for anesthesia? Results:There were differences between the groups in terms of total pain score for example in group 1 there were 16 (53%) patients who did not make any movement during rocuronium injection while there were 22 (73%) patients in group 2.There was significant difference in injection rocuronium bromide pain between group 1: dexkethoprofen group, Group 2: control group in terms of the answer to the second question.Patients felt less pain than the control group. Conclusion:The effect of cox inhibitors on rocuronium pain was seen in our study but check is also effective in reducing pain in vascular width.

An Indigenous self-determination social movement response to COVID-19

For Māori in New Zealand, COVID-19 is remarkable in two particular ways. First, we bet the odds for the first time in contemporary history. Forecasts predicted that Māori would have double the infection and mortality rates of non-Māori. However, as at June 2020, Māori have a disproportionately lower infection rate than non-Māori. This is perhaps the only example in our contemporary history of the Māori community having better social outcomes than non-Māori. Second is that attribution is due, perhaps not exclusively, but materially to a self-determination social movement within our Indigenous communities that the pandemic response unveiled and accelerated. This article comments on this self-determination social movement, with a particular focus on how that movement has manifested within the South Island of New Zealand. We specifically draw on the work of Te Pūtahitanga o Te Waipounamu, the South Island Whānau Ora Commissioning Agency to illustrate our analysis.