Using Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder: Technological Proposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Carlos Ramos-Galarza ◽  
Pamela Acosta-Rodas ◽  
Jaime Moscoso-Salazar ◽  
Omar Condor-Herrera ◽  
Jorge Cruz-Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Nexhmedin Morina ◽  
Isabel Kampmann ◽  
Paul Emmelkamp ◽  
Corrado Barbui ◽  
Thole H. Hoppen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure

scholarly journals Appropriate Number of Treatment Sessions in Virtual Reality-Based Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Hyu Seok Jeong ◽  
Jee Hyun Lee ◽  
Hesun Erin Kim ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Extension Group

Virtual reality (VR) was introduced to maximize the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) by efficiently performing exposure therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out whether VR-based individual CBT with relatively few treatment sessions is effective in improving social anxiety disorder (SAD). This therapy was applied to 115 patients with SAD who were retrospectively classified into 43 patients who completed the nine or 10 sessions normally (normal termination group), 52 patients who finished the sessions early (early termination group), and 20 patients who had extended the sessions (session extension group). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) scores tended to decrease in all groups as the session progressed, and the slope of decrease was the steepest in the early termination group and the least steep in the session extension group. Severity of social anxiety in the last session and symptom reduction rate showed no significant group difference. Our findings suggest that short-term VR-based individual CBT of nine to 10 sessions may be effective. When the therapeutic effect is insufficient during this period, the additional benefit may be minimal if the session is simply extended. The improvement in the early termination group suggests that even shorter sessions of five or six can also be effective.

Feasibility of Virtual Reality Environments for Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Parrish ◽  
Holly K. Oxhandler ◽  
Jacuelynn F. Duron ◽  
Paul Swank ◽  
Patrick Bordnick
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder

The Course of the Working Alliance during Virtual Reality and Exposure Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ngai ◽  
Erin C. Tully ◽  
Page L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Working Alliance ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Exposure Group

Background: Psychoanalytic theory and some empirical research suggest the working alliance follows a “rupture and repair” pattern over the course of therapy, but given its emphasis on collaboration, cognitive behavioral therapy may yield a different trajectory. Aims: The current study compares the trajectory of the working alliance during two types of cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder – virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) and exposure group therapy (EGT), one of which (VRE) has been proposed to show lower levels of working alliance due to the physical barriers posed by the technology (e.g. no eye contact with therapist during exposure). Method: Following randomization, participants (N = 63) diagnosed with social anxiety disorder received eight sessions of manualized EGT or individual VRE and completed a standardized self-report measure of working alliance after each session. Results: Hierarchical linear modeling showed overall high levels of working alliance that changed in rates of growth over time; that is, increases in working alliance scores were steeper at the beginning of therapy and slowed towards the end of therapy. There were no differences in working alliance between the two treatment groups. Conclusion: Results neither support a rupture/repair pattern nor the idea that the working alliance is lower for VRE participants. Findings are consistent with the idea that different therapeutic approaches may yield different working alliance trajectories.

scholarly journals Attention Guidance Augmentation of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Rubin ◽  
Karl Muller ◽  
Mary Hayhoe ◽  
Michael J Telch
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure

Biased attention to social threat has been implicated in social anxiety disorder. Modifying visual attention during exposure therapy offers a direct test of this mechanism. We developed and tested a brief virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) protocol using 360º-video and eye tracking. Participants (N = 21) were randomized to either standard VRET or VRET + attention guidance training (AGT). Multi-level Bayesian models were used to test (1) whether there was an effect of condition over time and (2) whether post-treatment changes in gaze patterns mediated the effect of condition at follow-up. There was a large overall effect of the intervention on symptoms of social anxiety, as well as an effect of the AGT augmentation on changes in visual attention to audience members. There was weak evidence against an effect of condition on fear of public speaking and weak evidence supporting a mediation effect, however these estimates were strongly influenced by model priors. Taken together, our findings suggest that attention can be modified within and during VRET and that modification of visual gaze avoidance may be casually linked to reductions in social anxiety. Replication with a larger sample size is needed.

Attentional Heterogeneity in Social Anxiety Disorder: Evidence from Hidden Markov Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Rubin ◽  
Karl Muller ◽  
Mary Hayhoe ◽  
Michael Telch
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Pre Treatment

There is some evidence for heterogeneity in attentional processes among individuals with social anxiety. However, there is limited work considering how attentional processes may differ in a naturalistic task-based context (e.g., public speaking). In this secondary analysis we tested attentional heterogeneity among individuals (N = 21) with social anxiety disorder in the context of a virtual reality exposure treatment study. Participants completed a public speaking challenge in an immersive 360º-video virtual reality environment with eye tracking at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 1-week follow-up. Using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach with clustering we tested whether there were distinct profiles of attention pre-treatment and whether there were changes following the intervention. As a secondary aim we tested whether the distinct attentional profiles at pre-treatment predicted differential treatment outcomes. We found two distinct attentional profiles pre-treatment that we characterized as vigilant/diffuse attention control and avoidant/high attention control. By the 1-week follow-up the two profiles were no longer meaningfully different. We found a difference between HMM groups for fear at public speaking at post-treatment b = -8.54, 95% Highest Density Interval (HDI) [-16.00, -0.90], Bayes Factor (BF) = 8.31 but not at one-week follow-up b = -5.83, 95% HDI [-13.25, 1.81], BF = 2.28. These findings provide support for heterogeneity in attentional processes among socially anxious individuals is likely, but that this may change following treatment. Moreover, our results provide evidence that attentional avoidance may be related to poorer treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Page L. Anderson ◽  
Matthew Price ◽  
Shannan M. Edwards ◽  
Mayowa A. Obasaju ◽  
Stefan K. Schmertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure

Effectiveness of self-training using the mobile-based virtual reality program in patients with social anxiety disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesun Erin Kim ◽  
Yeon-Ju Hong ◽  
Min-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Young Hoon Jung ◽  
Sunghyon Kyeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder
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