ACCEPTANCE LEVEL OF INDEPENDENT OIL PALM SMALLHOLDERS IN MALAYSIA TOWARDS EXTENSION SERVICES

The main objective of the extension group is to disseminate the oil palm technologies to the independent oil palm smallholders (ISH). However, since the beginning of the establishment of the extension group in the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) in 2002, there is no clear information on the acceptance level of ISH toward extension service activities by this group. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to determine the perception and attitude of ISH toward the extension service activities by extension group and to identify the association between the level of perception and attitude of ISH toward extension activities with ISH personal profile and farm background. Based on the total population in the study area, the number of samples to be selected in this study is 384 respondents. Interview administrated questionnaires were employed to obtain the relevant data. The study revealed that the total average mean of respondents’ perception and attitude towards extension service activities is 3.99 which belongs to the category of high score range (3.67 – 5.00). Therefore, it shows that ISH has a positive perception and attitude towards extension service which can lead to the high acceptance level of extension service activities by extension group among ISH. Other than that, based on the chi-square analysis, it shows that different demographic profiles significantly influence the level of perception & attitude of ISH toward extension activities. The findings of this study will assist the extension group in MPOB to re-strategize and further improve its extension service while contributing to future studies.

Pushouts of extensions of groupoids by bundles of abelian groups

We analyse extensions $\Sigma$ of groupoids G by bundles A of abelian groups. We describe a pushout construction for such extensions, and use it to describe the extension group of a given groupoid G by a given bundle A. There is a natural action of Sigma on the dual of A, yielding a corresponding transformation groupoid. The pushout of this transformation groupoid by the natural map from the fibre product of A with its dual to the Cartesian product of the dual with the circle is a twist over the transformation groupoid resulting from the action of G on the dual of A. We prove that the full C*-algebra of this twist is isomorphic to the full C*-algebra of $\Sigma$, and that this isomorphism descends to an isomorphism of reduced algebras. We give a number of examples and applications.

Penyuluhan dengan Media Audiovisual Memengaruhi Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Kebutuhan Dasar Ibu Hamil

Efforts to accelerate the reduction of the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) can be carried out by ensuring that every mother is able to access quality maternal health services. Audiovisual media is one of the extension media that stimulates the senses of sight and hearing so as to increase mother's knowledge about the basic needs of pregnant women. This study aims to determine the effect of counseling with audiovisual media on the level of knowledge of mothers about the basic needs of pregnant women. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental research design non equivalent control group design. The sampling technique in this study used a consecutive sampling technique, as many as 32 respondents in the experimental group and 32 respondents in the control group. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon test and the Mann Withney U-Test. From the results of the Wicoxon test in the two treatment groups, it was found that the p value (Asymp. Sig 2-tailed) was 0.000<0.05 so it could be concluded that there were significant differences in the extension group with audiovisual media and the extension group with leaflet media. The results of the analysis of the Mann Withney U-Test showed the largest p-value of 0.003<0.05 so it can be concluded that audiovisual counseling is more effectively used to increase mother's knowledge about the basic needs of pregnant women compared to leaflet media.

Long-term efficacy and safety of sapropterin in patients who initiated sapropterin at < 4 years of age with phenylketonuria: results of the 3-year extension of the SPARK open-label, multicentre, randomised phase IIIb trial

Background During the initial 26-week SPARK (Safety Paediatric efficAcy phaRmacokinetic with Kuvan®) study, addition of sapropterin dihydrochloride (Kuvan®; a synthetic formulation of the natural cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, tetrahydrobiopterin; BH4), to a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet, led to a significant improvement in Phe tolerance versus a Phe-restricted diet alone in patients aged 0–4 years with BH4-responsive phenylketonuria (PKU) or mild hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA). Based on these results, the approved indication for sapropterin in Europe was expanded to include patients < 4 years of age. Herein, we present results of the SPARK extension study (NCT01376908), evaluating the long-term safety, dietary Phe tolerance, blood Phe concentrations and neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients < 4 years of age at randomisation, over an additional 36 months of treatment with sapropterin. Results All 51 patients who completed the 26-week SPARK study period entered the extension period. Patients who were previously treated with a Phe-restricted diet only (‘sapropterin extension’ group; n = 26), were initiated on sapropterin at 10 mg/kg/day, which could be increased up to 20 mg/kg/day. Patients previously treated with sapropterin plus Phe-restricted diet, remained on this regimen in the extension period (‘sapropterin continuous’ group; n = 25). Dietary Phe tolerance increased significantly at the end of the study versus baseline (week 0), by 38.7 mg/kg/day in the ‘sapropterin continuous’ group (95% CI 28.9, 48.6; p < 0.0001). In the ‘sapropterin extension’ group, a less pronounced effect was observed, with significant differences versus baseline (week 27) only observed between months 9 and 21; dietary Phe tolerance at the end of study increased by 5.5 mg/kg/day versus baseline (95% CI − 2.8, 13.8; p = 0.1929). Patients in both groups had normal neuromotor development and growth parameters. Conclusions Long-term treatment with sapropterin plus a Phe-restricted diet in patients who initiated sapropterin at < 4 years of age with BH4-responsive PKU or mild HPA maintained improvements in dietary Phe tolerance over 3.5 years. These results continue to support the favourable risk/benefit profile for sapropterin in paediatric patients (< 4 years of age) with BH4-responsive PKU. Frequent monitoring of blood Phe levels and careful titration of dietary Phe intake to ensure adequate levels of protein intake is necessary to optimise the benefits of sapropterin treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01376908. Registered 17 June 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01376908.

Management practices of people in research and extension group

People Management (PM) came up with the predominant factor of organizing and grouping people according to their skills, making a favorable move for organizations to be competitive in the market, whatever the niche. Even though it has great relevance to the competitiveness of organizations, it is possible to see that research and extension groups do not use it. The objective was to study how PM practices contribute to a group of research, extension and innovation. The research presents itself as a case study where a questionnaire was applied with 6 representatives of the research group and an application of semi-structured interview with the coordinating professor. The results presented showed that PM practices were used to better serve the group's purposes in order to use a set of techniques, methods and procedures to capture and maintain people, improving compliance with internal and external decisions to the group. It was also observed that the group implemented practices that favored the selection process, training, qualification and organizational learning. Thus, this study contributes to reinforce that PM practices can be implemented in organizations with a lean structure.

After Total Knee Arthroplasty Different Knee Position Bring Distinct Effects-a Prospective Study of One Hundred Patients

Background Following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) blood loss is a major factor influencing functional recovery and quality of life in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postoperative leg position on blood loss and functional recovery after TKA.Methods One hundred consecutive patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized study, which with degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee. An equal number of patients were randomly allocated to either flexion or extension groups. In the flexion group, the affected leg was elevated 45° at the hip and with 45° of flexion at the knee, while patients in the extension group had the knee extended fully. Primary outcomes were calculated total blood loss (CBL), hidden blood loss(HBL), intraoperative blood loss(IBL),haemoglobin(HB) level and haematocrit(HCT).Results CBL, HBL, postoperative levels of HB and HCT, drop level of HB and HCT between the two groups after 72 hours were significantly different, with patients in the flexion group experiencing lower blood loss than those in the extension group (P < 0.05).However, there no difference between groups in the postoperative levels of HB and HCT, drop level of HB and HCT at 24 hours. Even though after 1 week range of motion (ROM) was statistical difference in groups, but after 6-week rehabilitation, patients from both groups attained a similar ROM in the knee. Conclusions The results of this study definite that after TKA execute the protocol，maintaining a position with the hip 45°flexion and the knee flexed at 45° prolong 48 hours, is an effective method for reducing blood loss and increasing functional ROM.

Appropriate Number of Treatment Sessions in Virtual Reality-Based Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

Virtual reality (VR) was introduced to maximize the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) by efficiently performing exposure therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out whether VR-based individual CBT with relatively few treatment sessions is effective in improving social anxiety disorder (SAD). This therapy was applied to 115 patients with SAD who were retrospectively classified into 43 patients who completed the nine or 10 sessions normally (normal termination group), 52 patients who finished the sessions early (early termination group), and 20 patients who had extended the sessions (session extension group). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) scores tended to decrease in all groups as the session progressed, and the slope of decrease was the steepest in the early termination group and the least steep in the session extension group. Severity of social anxiety in the last session and symptom reduction rate showed no significant group difference. Our findings suggest that short-term VR-based individual CBT of nine to 10 sessions may be effective. When the therapeutic effect is insufficient during this period, the additional benefit may be minimal if the session is simply extended. The improvement in the early termination group suggests that even shorter sessions of five or six can also be effective.

PERBANDINGAN PENYULUHAN DAN BUKU SAKU TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG HIV/AIDS

ABSTRACT COMPARISON OF COUNSELING AND POCKET BOOK TO TEENS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIV / AIDS Background :The incidence of HIV / AIDS continues to increase every year. In the city of Jayapura, data from SIHA in 2018 for vulnerable people aged 15-19 years were 83 people with HIV / AIDS.Purpose To determine the comparison of counseling and pocket books on adolescent knowledge about HIV / AIDS in SMA Negeri 01 Abepura Jayapura. Methods: This research method is quantitative using a Quasi Experimental research design. The approach used in this study is non-randomized pre-test - posttest with control group design, a population of 1,537 people was taken by purposive sampling method, obtained 30 respondents. Data were collected by filling out a questionnaire before and after the intervention (counseling and pocket books). Data analysis using Independent t test and Paired t test.Result : there was a difference in the level of knowledge in the pre-test and post-test for the experimental group with counseling with a p value of 0.000 (<0.05), there was a difference in the level of knowledge between the pre and post test for the control group and the pocket book with a p value of 0.000 (<0, 05) there is a difference in the increase in the knowledge value of the extension group and pocket books with a p value of 0.006 (<0.05), and what is more effective is the extension because the mean value of the extension group is larger.Conclusion Extension is more effective in increasing knowledge.Suggestion counseling can be applied to increase knowledge about HIV / AIDS in adolescents at SMA 1 Abepura Words: HIV / AIDS, knowledge, counseling, pocket books ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Angka kejadian HIV/AIDS terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Di kota Jayapura, data dari SIHA pada tahun 2018 untuk rentan umur 15-19 tahun sebanyak 83 penderita HIV/AIDS.Tujuan Untuk mengetahui perbandingan penyuluhan dan buku saku terhadap pengetahuan pada remaja tentang HIV/AIDS di SMA Negeri 01 Abepura Jayapura.Metode : Penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Quasi Eksperimen. Pendekatan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah non randomized pre test - post test with control group design, populasi sebanyak 1.537 orang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling, didapatkan responden dengan jumlah 30 orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan pengisian kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi (penyuluhan dan buku saku). Analisis data menggunakan uji Independen t test dan Paired t test.Hasil: Penelitian terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan pre test dan post test untuk kelompok eksperimen dengan penyuluhan dengan p value 0,000 (<0,05), terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan antara pre dan post test untuk kelompok kontrol dengan buku saku dengan p value 0,000 (<0,05) terdapat perbedaan kenaikan nilai pengetahuan kelompok penyuluhan dan buku saku dengan p value 0,006 (<0,05), dan yang lebih efektif adalah penyuluhan karena nilai mean kelompok penyuluhan lebih besar.Kesimpulan : Penyuluhan lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan.Saran penyuluhan dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai HIV/AIDS pada remaja di SMA 1 AbepuraKata Kunci: HIV/AIDS, pengetahuan, penyuluhan, buku saku

Does working beyond the statutory retirement age have an impact on health and functional capacity? The Finnish Retirement and Aging cohort study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the development of self-rated health, psychological distress and physical functioning between those retired on time and those who continued working beyond the individual retirement age.MethodsThe study population consisted of 2340 public sector employees from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Participants were categorised into no extension of employment (retired at the individual retirement date or <3 months past) and extension of employment (≥12 months). Propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) was used to identify comparable group of participants in the no-extension (n=574) and extension (n=574) groups by taking into account preretirement characteristics and their interactions.ResultsThe prevalence of suboptimal self-rated health and psychological distress changed a little among the extension group during the follow-up from 1 year before (T1) to 18 months (T2) and 30 months (T3) after individual pensionable date. Compared with no extension, the risk of having suboptimal self-rated health in the extension group was 0.89 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.17) at T1, 1.16 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.53) at T2 and 0.96 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.37) at T3. For psychological distress, the corresponding risk ratios were 0.93 (0.65 to 1.32), 1.15 (0.78 to 1.69) and 1.04 (0.61 to 1.79). The mean differences in the number of physical functioning difficulties between the extension and no-extension groups were 0.06 (−0.16 to 0.29) at T1, 0.05 (−0.18 to 0.27) at T2 and −0.11 (−0.39 to 0.17) at T3.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence that voluntarily extending the working career beyond retirement age would pose a risk to health and physical functioning among ageing workers.