Attentional Heterogeneity in Social Anxiety Disorder: Evidence from Hidden Markov Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Rubin ◽  
Karl Muller ◽  
Mary Hayhoe ◽  
Michael Telch
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Pre Treatment

There is some evidence for heterogeneity in attentional processes among individuals with social anxiety. However, there is limited work considering how attentional processes may differ in a naturalistic task-based context (e.g., public speaking). In this secondary analysis we tested attentional heterogeneity among individuals (N = 21) with social anxiety disorder in the context of a virtual reality exposure treatment study. Participants completed a public speaking challenge in an immersive 360º-video virtual reality environment with eye tracking at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 1-week follow-up. Using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach with clustering we tested whether there were distinct profiles of attention pre-treatment and whether there were changes following the intervention. As a secondary aim we tested whether the distinct attentional profiles at pre-treatment predicted differential treatment outcomes. We found two distinct attentional profiles pre-treatment that we characterized as vigilant/diffuse attention control and avoidant/high attention control. By the 1-week follow-up the two profiles were no longer meaningfully different. We found a difference between HMM groups for fear at public speaking at post-treatment b = -8.54, 95% Highest Density Interval (HDI) [-16.00, -0.90], Bayes Factor (BF) = 8.31 but not at one-week follow-up b = -5.83, 95% HDI [-13.25, 1.81], BF = 2.28. These findings provide support for heterogeneity in attentional processes among socially anxious individuals is likely, but that this may change following treatment. Moreover, our results provide evidence that attentional avoidance may be related to poorer treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Virtual Reality Exposure terhadap Simtom Fobia Sosial pada Mahasiswa Saat Melakukan Public Speaking

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Ar. Fatahillah ◽  
Thomas Dicky Hastjarjo
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Social Exposure ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure

Fobia sosial atau kecemasan sosial merupakan rasa takut yang berlebihan pada situasi sosial. Rasa takut ini terkadang menimbulkan permasalahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan tingkat fobia sosial dan respons fisiologis yang terjadi pada mahasiswa saat diberikan paparan/eksposur berupa social exposure lingkungan virtual. Hipotesis pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh signifikan virtual reality exposure terhadap perubahan respons fisiologis dan tingkat fobia sosial pada mahasiswa pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimen pretest-posttest control design dengan rancangan penelitian berupa mixed design. Terdapat 41 partisipan yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Partisipan dibagi ke dalam kelompok eksperimen (n= 21) dan kelompok kontrol (n= 20). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari skala Social Anxiety Disorder Dimensional (SAD-D) dan Self-Statements During Public Speaking (SSPS) serta Biofeedback Procomp5 Infiniti. Analisis data menggunakan teknik mixed ANOVA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan simtom fobia sosial pada kelompok eksperimen secara tidak signifikan dan terjadi penurunan secara signifikan pada kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Implikasi dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada penelitian selanjutnya dalam memberikan perlakuan pada partisipan yang mengalami kecemasan sosial dengan metode eksposur lingkungan virtual.

scholarly journals Appropriate Number of Treatment Sessions in Virtual Reality-Based Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Hyu Seok Jeong ◽  
Jee Hyun Lee ◽  
Hesun Erin Kim ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Extension Group

Virtual reality (VR) was introduced to maximize the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) by efficiently performing exposure therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out whether VR-based individual CBT with relatively few treatment sessions is effective in improving social anxiety disorder (SAD). This therapy was applied to 115 patients with SAD who were retrospectively classified into 43 patients who completed the nine or 10 sessions normally (normal termination group), 52 patients who finished the sessions early (early termination group), and 20 patients who had extended the sessions (session extension group). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) scores tended to decrease in all groups as the session progressed, and the slope of decrease was the steepest in the early termination group and the least steep in the session extension group. Severity of social anxiety in the last session and symptom reduction rate showed no significant group difference. Our findings suggest that short-term VR-based individual CBT of nine to 10 sessions may be effective. When the therapeutic effect is insufficient during this period, the additional benefit may be minimal if the session is simply extended. The improvement in the early termination group suggests that even shorter sessions of five or six can also be effective.

scholarly journals Reductions in social anxiety during treatment predict lower levels of loneliness during follow-up among individuals with social anxiety disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 102362
Author(s):  
Emily B. O’Day ◽  
Rachel M. Butler ◽  
Amanda S. Morrison ◽  
Philippe R. Goldin ◽  
James J. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder

Feasibility of Virtual Reality Environments for Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Parrish ◽  
Holly K. Oxhandler ◽  
Jacuelynn F. Duron ◽  
Paul Swank ◽  
Patrick Bordnick
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder

scholarly journals Long-Term Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Videoconference-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder in Japan: One-Year Follow-Up of a Single-Arm Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Matsumoto ◽  
Sayo Hamatani ◽  
Kazue Nagai ◽  
Chihiro Sutoh ◽  
Akiko Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BACKGROUND Face-to-face individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and internet-based CBT (ICBT) without videoconferencing are known to have long-term effectiveness for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, videoconference-delivered CBT (VCBT) has not been investigated regarding its long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of VCBT for patients with OCD, PD, or SAD in Japan via a 1-year follow-up to our previous 16-week single-arm study. METHODS Written informed consent was obtained from 25 of 29 eligible patients with OCD, PD, and SAD who had completed VCBT in our clinical trial. Participants were assessed at baseline, end of treatment, and at the follow-up end points of 3, 6, and 12 months. Outcomes were the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder–7 (GAD-7), and EuroQol-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L). To analyze long-term effectiveness, we used mixed-model analysis of variance. To analyze cost-effectiveness, we employed relevant public data and derived data on VCBT implementation costs from Japanese national health insurance data. RESULTS Four males and 21 females with an average age of 35.1 (SD 8.6) years participated in the 1-year follow-up study. Principal diagnoses were OCD (n=10), PD (n=7), and SAD (n=8). The change at 12 months on the Y-BOCS was −4.1 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=4.45, <i>P</i>=.04), the change in PDSS was −4.4 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=6.83, <i>P</i>=.001), and the change in LSAS was −30.9 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=6.73, <i>P</i>=.01). The change in the PHQ-9 at 12 months was −2.7 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=7.72, <i>P</i>=.007), and the change in the GAD-7 was −3.0 (<i>F</i><sub>1</sub>=7.09, <i>P</i>=.009). QALY at 12 months was 0.7469 (SE 0.0353, 95% Cl 0.6728-0.821), and the change was a significant increase of 0.0379 (<i>P</i>=.01). Total costs to provide the VCBT were ¥60,800 to ¥81,960 per patient. The set threshold was ¥189,500 ($1723, €1579, and £1354) calculated based on willingness to pay in Japan. CONCLUSIONS VCBT was a cost-effective way to effectively treat Japanese patients with OCD, PD, or SAD. CLINICALTRIAL University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000026609; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000030495

Using Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder: Technological Proposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Carlos Ramos-Galarza ◽  
Pamela Acosta-Rodas ◽  
Jaime Moscoso-Salazar ◽  
Omar Condor-Herrera ◽  
Jorge Cruz-Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder
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