scholarly journals Radiation Belts and Their Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Hannu E. J. Koskinen ◽  
Emilia K. J. Kilpua
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Inner Magnetosphere ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Electrons And Ions

AbstractThe Van Allen radiation belts of high-energy electrons and ions, mostly protons, are embedded in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere where the geomagnetic field is close to that of a magnetic dipole. Understanding of the belts requires a thorough knowledge of the inner magnetosphere and its dynamics, the coupling of the solar wind to the magnetosphere, and wave–particle interactions in different temporal and spatial scales. In this introductory chapter we briefly describe the basic structure of the inner magnetosphere, its different plasma regions and the basics of magnetospheric activity.

Low-altitude magnetic reconnection events as possible drivers of Jupiter’s polar auroras

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Masters ◽  
William Dunn ◽  
Tom Stallard ◽  
Harry Manners ◽  
Julia Stawarz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
Auroral Emissions ◽  
Static Electric Fields

<p>Charged particles impacting Jupiter’s atmosphere represent a major energy input, generating the most powerful auroral emissions in the Solar System. Most auroral features have now been explained as the result of impacting particles accelerated by quasi-static electric fields and/or wave-particle interactions in the surrounding space environment. However, the reason for Jupiter’s bright and dynamic polar regions remains a long-standing mystery. Recent spacecraft observations above these regions of “swirl” auroras have shown that high-energy electrons are regularly beamed away from the planet, which is inconsistent with traditional auroral drivers. The unknown downward-electron-acceleration mechanism operating close to Jupiter represents a gap in our fundamental understanding of planetary auroras. Here we propose a possible explanation for both the swirl auroras and the upward electron beams. We show that the perturbations of Jupiter’s strong magnetic field above the swirl regions that are driven by dynamics of the distant space environment can cause magnetic reconnection events at altitudes as low as ~0.2 Jupiter radii, rapidly releasing energy and potentially producing both the required downward and observed upward beams of electrons. Such an auroral driver has never before been postulated, resembling physics at work in the solar corona.</p>

scholarly journals Study On The Irradia Tion Effects On Iron Nitride By High Energy Electrons And Ions At The Atomic Level

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (S02) ◽  
pp. 1418-1419
Author(s):  
H. Hashimoto ◽  
Z.Q. Liu ◽  
T. Sakata ◽  
H. Mori ◽  
M. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Iron Nitride ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Electrons And Ions

scholarly journals Controlled strong excitation of silicon as a step towards processing materials at sub-nanometer precision

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Hung Dinh ◽  
Nikita Medvedev ◽  
Masahiko Ishino ◽  
Toshiyuki Kitamura ◽  
Noboru Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transport ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Strong Excitation ◽  
Short Time

AbstractInteraction of a solid material with focused, intense pulses of high-energy photons or other particles (such as electrons and ions) creates a strong electronic excitation state within an ultra-short time and on ultra-small spatial scales. This offers the possibility to control the response of a material on a spatial scale less than a nanometer—crucial for the next generation of nano-devices. Here we create craters on the surface of a silicon substrate by focusing single femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulse from the SACLA free-electron laser. We investigate the resulting surface modification in the vicinity of damage thresholds, establishing a connection to microscopic theoretical approaches, and, with their help, illustrating physical mechanisms for damage creation. The cooling during ablation by means of rapid electron and energy transport can suppress undesired hydrodynamical motions, allowing the silicon material to be directly processed with a precision reaching the observable limitation of an atomic force microscope.

High energy electrons in the earth's radiation belts

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 719-723
Author(s):  
S. A. Voronov ◽  
A. M. Gal'per ◽  
V. V. Dmitrenko ◽  
V. G. Kirillov-Ugryumov
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Earth's Radiation Belts

scholarly journals Human Radio Transmissions Create Barrier to "Killer Electrons"

Eos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnna Wendel
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Energy Electrons

An interaction between radio waves and the Van Allen radiation belts creates a bubble around the Earth that high-energy electrons can't penetrate.

scholarly journals Final Report on Laser-Driven Acceleration of High Energy Electrons and Ions: Experiments, Theory, and Simulations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gordon ◽  
Dmitri Kaganovich ◽  
Michael Helle ◽  
Yu-hsin Chen ◽  
Antonio Ting
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Final Report ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Electrons And Ions
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