Typing on Midair Virtual Keyboards: Exploring Visual Designs and Interaction Styles

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-151
Author(s):  
Jiban Adhikary ◽  
Keith Vertanen
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Natalia L. Baydikova ◽  

The aim of the research is to identify the parameters for a multidimensional model of teacher-student interaction styles in the framework of the teacher's management activity. Literature analysis shows that all the models of teacher-student interaction styles can be divided into two groups according to the ways of classification criteria distribution. The first group comprises onedimensional models which assign certain characteristics to the teacher leadership styles. The example of such an approach is the traditional classification of styles into authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire modes of teacher's behavior. The other group of classifications of teacher-student interaction styles includes two-dimensional models. They use two parameters in different combinations to result in four leadership styles. The author states that teacher-student interaction is so complex and multi-level that two criteria are not enough to describe teacher leadership styles. She proposes a multidimensional model of teacher-student interaction styles based on six components of teacher's organizational activities: target, stimulation and motivation, content, operation, control and regulation, assessment. According to these components, the author identified six parameters of teacher-student interaction styles which a teacher can exhibit to a different extent within the two opposite characteristics: 1) formulation of tasks to learners (implicitly - explicitly), 2) stimulation of learners' autonomy (directive behavior - delegating behavior), 3) variability of content (predetermined -available for choice), 4) interaction with students (detachment - involvement), 5) intensity of control (continuous - dispersed), 6) type of assessment (standard - essence-based). All the six parameters are independent dimensions of an individual teacher-student interaction style. To empirically verify the proposed multidimensional model of teacher leadership styles, a questionnaire was developed. It consists of 18 statements, three statements assessing each parameter. The display of characteristics was measured by values with assigned numbers: ‘never' -2, ‘no rather than yes' -1, ‘sometimes' 0, ‘yes rather than no' +1, ‘always' +2. The values -2 and +2 are the extreme poles of the behavior characteristics. The arithmetic average was counted out of the three answers on each parameter. According to the survey of school teachers, individual teacher-student interaction styles comprise characteristics of different polarity. The proposed multidimensional model of teacher-student interaction styles is a flexible, variational and open system.


i-com ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Dietrich Kammer ◽  
Mathias Müller ◽  
Jan Wojdziak ◽  
Ingmar S. Franke

AbstractNovel shape-changing interfaces promise to provide a rich haptic experience for human-computer interaction. As a specific instance of shape-changing interfaces, Elastic Displays provide large interaction surfaces that can be temporally deformed using force-touch. The unique property of these displays is that they automatically return to their initial flat state. Recently, several review and position papers have stimulated a discussion towards consolidating the knowledge about shape-changing interfaces. The knowledge about Elastic Displays is similarly scattered across multiple publications from recent years. This paper contributes a task taxonomy based on productive uses of Elastic Displays found in literature, on the web, and in our interaction lab. This taxonomy emphasizes tasks, but also encompasses general aspects regarding content types, visualization technology, and interaction styles. All aspects of the taxonomy are illustrated using case studies from literature.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Gunn

A significant increase in the use of computer-supported learning (CSL) within schools and universities across the world gives rise to concern about gender-related differences in performance and interaction style in these environments. Research has shown that initial perceptions of CSL environments as democratic and offering equal opportunities to all students were flawed because interactions that take place through electronic channels lose none of the socio-cultural complexity or gender imbalance that exists within society. Much of the recent literature states that women are disadvantaged because of inferior levels of access and technology literacy and dominant male behavior. However, the assumption that difference implies disadvantage is challenged by evidence that variable factors such as professed confidence and apparently dominant interaction styles do not necessarily lead to better educational opportunity and performance. This paper contains a summary of gender-related issues identified by international research and academic practice together with supportive case study examples. The conclusion is that women often perform better than men despite the observable differences in interaction style.


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Lalicic

PurposeThis paper aims to visualize the communication processes between stakeholders who discuss, reach consensus and engage with user-generated ideas through an open innovation platform facilitated by Destination Management Organization (DMO).Design/methodology/approachVarious discussion and interaction styles between the different types of stakeholders on the innovation platform are analyzed using quantitative content analysis. Likewise, perceived issues among the stakeholders that motivate collaboration and consensus are identified.FindingsThis paper identifies that stakeholders interact with each other, reach agreements and solve joint problems on the platform by using predominantly constructive interaction styles. Meanwhile, feasibility and strategic issues appear to be the most dominant topics when discussing the fruition of ideas; however, this depends significantly on the category of the idea.Practical implicationsDMOs are given an understanding of why and how stakeholders engage with a certain idea and the kind of challenges they perceive when pursuing the execution of an idea. DMOs are advised to carefully design an open innovation platform to facilitate effective online discussions that may lead to working groups.Originality/valueThere is a scarcity of approaches in the field of tourism that invite stakeholders to innovate. This study aims to close this gap in tourism research by identifying how and which stakeholders respond to an invitation from a DMO to engage in an open innovation platform and, subsequently, how they interact with other partners to foster collaborative innovation projects in their destination.


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