Addressing Intelligent Systems and Ethical Design in the IEEE Code of Ethics

AbstractsThe article provides an inclusive outlook on artificial intelligence by introducing a three-legged design perspective that includes, but also moves beyond, ethical artificial systems design to stress the role of moral habituation of professionals and the general public. It is held that an inclusive ethical design perspective is essential for a flourishing future with artificial intelligence.

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Concordance of professional ethical practice standards for the domain of Data Science: A white paper

10.31235/osf.io/p7rj2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rochelle E. Tractenberg

Keyword(s):

Intelligent Systems ◽

Data Science ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

White Paper ◽

American Statistical Association ◽

Ethical Practice ◽

Coherent Integration ◽

Starting Point ◽

Ethical Guidance ◽

Practice Standards

Data science is a discipline that has emerged at the intersection of computing and statistics – two disciplines with long standing guidance for ethical practice that feature professional integrity and responsibility. The 2018 National Academies of Science Report on Envisioning the Data Science Discipline recommends that “The data science community should adopt a code of ethics”, but due to its recency and to the diversity of paths into data science as a discipline, there is no real “community” that can do or organize this adoption. To support this recommendation, this white paper is an effort to document concordance across professional association practice standards, intended to support the ethical practice of data science by appealing to the consensus of these professional organizations on what constitutes ethical practice. The American Statistical Association (ASA) and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) recently revised their professional ethical practice standards in 2018. Both sets of guidance represent the perspectives of experienced professionals in their respective domains, but both organizations explicitly state that the guidelines apply to – should be utilized by – all who employ the domain in their work, irrespective of job title or training/professional preparation. Given that both statistics andcomputing are essential foundations for data science, their ethical guidance should therefore be a starting point for the community as it contemplates what “ethical data science” looks like.The work of analyzing concordance in ethical guidance begins with a qualitative examination of the overlap (similarly worded principles), alignment (thematically similar principles), and gaps (dissimilar principles) that exist between existing sets of standards. To that end, the ethical practice guidance has been thematically analyzed from the standards outlined by the ASA, ACM, the International Statistics Institute, Royal Statistical Society, and the Ethics in Action guidance drafted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems. This synthesis is intended to capture similarities and differences in relevant practical guidelines, integrating professional organizational perspectives on what constitutes ethical practice in data science to support and strengthen the domain. Ultimately, guidelines for ethical data science that reflect the concordance of cognate disciplines can ensure coherent integration of the features of ethical practice into training of data scientists - for both the practitioner and those who use data science, or its outputs, in their work.

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Code of Ethics

10.1044/policy.et2016-00342 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Code Of Ethics

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Research Consumerism 101: Evaluating External Evidence of Treatment Effectiveness

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd17.2.43 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

James L. Coyle

Keyword(s):

Treatment Effectiveness ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Professional Services ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Professional Judgment ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Intervention Selection ◽

Published Research

Abstract The modern clinician is a research consumer. Rehabilitation of oropharyngeal impairments, and prevention of the adverse outcomes of dysphagia, requires the clinician to select interventions for which evidence of a reasonable likelihood of a successful, important outcome exists. The purpose of this paper is to provide strategies for evaluation of published research regarding treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia. This article utilizes tutorial and examples to inform and educate practitioners in methods of appraising published research. It provides and encourages the use of methods of efficiently evaluating the validity and clinical importance of published research. Additionally, it discusses the importance of the ethical obligation we, as practitioners, have to use evidence-based treatment selection methods and measurement of patient performance during therapy. The reader is provided with tactics for evaluating treatment studies to establish a study's validity and, thereby, objectively select interventions. The importance of avoiding subjective or unsubstantiated claims and using objective methods of generating empirical clinical evidence is emphasized. The ability to evaluate the quality of research provides clinicians with objective intervention selection as an important, essential component of evidence-based clinical practice. ASHA Code of Ethics (2003): Principle I, Rule F: “Individuals shall fully inform the persons they serve of the nature and possible effects of services rendered and products dispensed…” (p. 2) Principle I, Rule G: “Individuals shall evaluate the effectiveness of services rendered and of products dispensed and shall provide services or dispense products only when benefit can reasonably be expected.” (p. 2) Principle IV, Rule G: “Individuals shall not provide professional services without exercising independent professional judgment, regardless of referral source or prescription.” (p. 4)

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Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.5.1.19 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronny Swain

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Professional Ethics ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Professional Autonomy ◽

Ethical Awareness ◽

Ethical Decisions ◽

The Right ◽

Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

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