Body Temperature Elevation Per Se Induces the Late Phase Syndrome

This chapter outlines the physical and physiological changes that occur during growth and maturation and the possible effects these changes can have on the nature and effectiveness of thermoregulation. The physiological responses to heat stress are discussed in terms of metabolic, circulatory, hormonal, and sweating responses, changes in body temperature, and in terms of heat tolerance. Also discussed is hydration status, which can affect thermoregulatory effectiveness in the heat. The physiological response to cold stress is considered in terms of the metabolic and circulatory responses and their possible influence on the effectiveness of thermoregulation. The discussion does not outline the thermoregulatory response per se, but rather emphasizes the differences in that response between children and adults. Finally, child–adult differences in the acclimatization- and training-induced adaptations to thermal stress are discussed.

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Ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia during moderate hypothermia in anesthetized rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1995.79.1.256 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 256-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P. Frappell ◽

K. Westwood ◽

M. Maskrey

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

Metabolic Responses ◽

Moderate Hypothermia ◽

O2 Consumption ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Anesthetized Rats ◽

Per Se

In resting euthermic mammals, hypoxia elicits a hyperventilation that results from a combination of hyperpnea and hypometabolism. Often accompanying the hypoxia-induced hypometabolism is a drop in body temperature. To separate the synergic effects of hypothermia per se from the direct effects of hypoxia on metabolic rate, ventilation (VE), and O2 consumption (VO2) were measured in anesthetized rats fitted with abdominal heat exchangers and maintained at either normothermic (37.5 degrees C) or hypothermic (35 degrees C) body temperatures while exposed to either normoxia or hypoxia (7% O2). Hypothermia induced parallel decreases in VE and VO2, thereby maintaining VE/VO2. Hypoxia resulted in a hyperventilation achieved with the same relative decrease in VO2 and increase in VE in both normothermic and hypothermic rats. The results suggest that 1) the changes in metabolic rate and VE during hypothermia reflect a direct effect of cold and, 2) because of similar levels of hypoxic hyperventilation in the hypothermic and normothermic rats, relative to metabolic rate, respiratory gain has not been depressed in hypothermic rats.

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Eccentric exercise per se does not affect muscle damage biomarkers: early and late phase adaptations

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-020-04528-w ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nikos V. Margaritelis ◽

Anastasios A. Theodorou ◽

Panagiotis N. Chatzinikolaou ◽

Antonios Kyparos ◽

Michalis G. Nikolaidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Late Phase ◽

Per Se

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Review of Recent Evidence of Toxic Effects of Hexachlorophene

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.51.2.391 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 391-394

Author(s):

Renate D. Kimbrough

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Microscopic Examination ◽

Published Data ◽

Temperature Elevation ◽

Status Spongiosus ◽

Repeated Doses ◽

Neurological Effects

The published data on the toxicity of hexachlorophene in animals and man are discussed. Studies performed in the author's laboratory including hexachlorophene blood level determinations in animals and man are also reviewed. Hexachlorophene can produce paralysis in rats, rabbits, cats, and pigs and blindness in sheep. Microscopic examination of the brains of rats and monkeys given repeated doses of hexachlorophene shows status spongiosus of the white matter and normal gray matter. Small amounts of hexachlorophene are absorbed through the skin of animals as well as man. Aside from the neurological effects of hexachlorophene, the chemical uncouples oxidative phosphorylation which may cause body temperature elevation.

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