Epilogue: The Exodus of Scientific Reason

This chapter looks at the similarities and differences between Thucydides and Hobbes on the subject of regimes. Hobbes was convinced that Thucydides had proved the absurdity of democracy and the desirability of absolute monarchy. However, Hobbes misread Thucydides on this point. For Hobbes, monarchy was the only regime in which the selfish interests of the ruler and ruled rationally coincide. Revealingly, in order to deal with the leadership of Pericles, Hobbes had to characterize him superficially as a monarch, ignoring how Pericles won and maintained his power. But it is just the type of statesmanship exemplified by Pericles that Hobbes cannot accept because of his rigid assumptions about human nature. Thucydides' focus on the importance of studying the thought, character, and actions of statesmen is an important difference between the Thucydidean and the Hobbesian realist models. Hobbes's horror at civil violence led him to lose faith in ordinary human reason and thus in political deliberation. It is because he lost faith in the latter that scientific reason emerged as a powerful alternative. But if human beings are so unreasonable that one can no longer take seriously what they say, how can one expect them to be reasonable enough to accept Hobbes's prescriptions? The Hobbesian solution is that an absolute government must enforce the plan. The chapter then argues that this solution to political problems is even more dangerous than the Thucydidean solution, which relies on political rhetoric and judgment.

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Voice Identification with the Aid of Spectrographic Analysis

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/56.4.944 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 944-946

Author(s):

Ernest W Nash

Keyword(s):

Objective Evaluation ◽

Body Parts ◽

Spectrographic Analysis ◽

Visual Examination ◽

Scientific Reason ◽

Human Voice ◽

Voice Identification ◽

The Voice

Abstract The human voice, as an instrument of crime, is used more often than a weapon and automobile combined. Some crimes are committed by the voice alone; therefore, to be able to identify a speaker by his voice is a very desirable goal in the fight against crime. However, desire has been somewhat hindered by the lack of technology and instrumentation. The use of spectrograms (voiceprints) to assist the expert in making an objective evaluation of the voices in question is discussed. The scientific reason for accepting the identification of a speaker’s voice is the uniqueness of man. Therefore, if a unique person uses unique physiological body parts to produce the sounds of speech, it logically follows that sound will also be unique. By the visual examination of the spectrographic analysis, a trained expert is able to compare the uniqueness.

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Scientific Reason and the Discipline of International Law

European Journal of International Law ◽

10.1093/ejil/chu030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 369-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Orford

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Scientific Reason

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Wortbildungsforschung in der Volksrepublik China

Language Typology and Universals ◽

10.1515/stuf-1989-0513 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Gunnar Richter

Keyword(s):

Language Teaching ◽

Word Formation ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Practical Reasons ◽

Historical Survey ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Complex Word ◽

Scientific Reason ◽

Lexical Categories ◽

Volksrepublik China

SummaryThe paper describes three aspects of word-formation research in the People’s Republic of China: motives of word-formation research (beside scientific reason mainly practical reasons, like language teaching and setting up of principles for a future phonetic script), problems of the word as the object of word-formation (especially the complex word comprising compounds and derivatives) and problems of the morpheme as the basic unit of word-formation (the two concepts of cisu and yusu; various classifications of morphemes; the question of assigning lexical categories to morphemes). The paper is introduced by a brief historical survey on word-formation research in China beginning at the end of last century and divided into throe periods.

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Knowledge of epilepsy among IInd year students of medical fraternity

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research ◽

10.7439/ijasr.v1i4.1872 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Sudarshan Surendran ◽

Maheswaran S ◽

James Gonsalves ◽

Prima J.J. D�Souza ◽

Keerthana Balaji

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Clear Picture ◽

Scientific Reason ◽

Normal Life ◽

Epileptic Attack ◽

Knowledge Levels

Objectives: To test the awareness and knowledge regarding epilepsy among II year medical students.Materials and methods: A questionnaire designed to test the knowledge levels of students regarding epilepsy was chosen and administered to students for collecting their responses. The questionnaire was distributed to II year MBBS students, who volunteered to participate in this study. The data collected was summarized to get the final picture of the level of awareness with respect to epilepsy among those students.Results: It was seen that the students had a fair knowledge and awareness regarding epilepsy. Most of them did not believe that epilepsy was a spiritual or a blind belief. Most of them were aware of the scientific reason behind such a condition. Many had clear picture regarding the consequences of such epileptic attacks. Many of them agreed to it that the normal life would not be affected, even though care must be taken. Dealing with the problems during an epileptic attack, the patients are supposed to take of their working conditions and also be prepared for such situations. On a whole, the response from the students on the seven questions with varied aspects on epilepsy and the subdivisions under each of them were summarized. The level of awareness of these students have been summarized and presented in this report. The findings in the report also throw light on the scope of little improvement possible in some of the aspects of students knowledge and understanding.

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