The Role of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling in the Control of Epidermal Differentiation and Skin Stem Cell Activity

High turnover tissues continually lose specialized cells that are replaced by stem cell activity. In the adult mammalian epidermis, it is unclear how molecularly heterogenous stem/progenitor cell populations fit into the complete trajectory of epidermal differentiation. We show that differentiation, from commitment to exit from the stem cell layer, is a multi-day process wherein cells transit through a continuum of transcriptional changes. Differentiation-committed cells remain capable of dividing to produce daughter cells fated to further differentiate, demonstrating that differentiation is uncoupled from cell cycle exit. These cell divisions are not required as part of an obligate transit amplifying program but instead protect density in the stem cell layer. Thus, instead of distinct contributions from multiple progenitors, a continuous gradual differentiation process fuels homeostatic epidermal turnover.

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The role of the BMP signaling cascade in regulation of stem cell activity following massive small bowel resection in a rat

Pediatric Surgery International ◽

10.1007/s00383-015-3829-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I. Sukhotnik ◽

D. Berkowitz ◽

T. Dorfman ◽

Salim Halabi ◽

Y. Pollak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Small Bowel ◽

Bowel Resection ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Small Bowel Resection ◽

Bmp Signaling ◽

Signaling Cascade ◽

Stem Cell Activity ◽

Massive Small Bowel Resection

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Abstract P4-04-01: Proliferation, Migration, Stem Cell Activity and the Role of Cyclin D1 in Breast Cancer

10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p4-04-01 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

RM Lamb ◽

S Lehn ◽

N Tobin ◽

P Berglund ◽

G. Landberg

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cyclin D1 ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Stem Cell Activity

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Exogenous L-arginine increases intestinal stem cell function through CD90+ stromal cells producing mTORC1-induced Wnt2b

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-020-01347-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qihang Hou ◽

Yuanyang Dong ◽

Jingxi Huang ◽

Chaoyong Liao ◽

Jiaqi Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Cell Function ◽

Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Adult Stem Cell ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Stem Cell Activity ◽

Small Intestinal

Abstract The renewal and repair of intestinal epithelium depend on the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions. Although previous work has established that exogenous nutrients regulate adult stem cell activity, little is known about the regulatory effect of L-arginine on ISCs. In this study we utilize mice and small intestinal (SI) organoid models to clarify the role of L-arginine on epithelial differentiation of ISCs. We show that L-arginine increases expansion of ISCs in mice. Furthermore, CD90+ intestinal stromal cells augment stem-cell function in response to L-arginine in co-culture experiments. Mechanistically, we find that L-arginine stimulates Wnt2b secretion by CD90+ stromal cells through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and that blocking Wnt2b production prevents L-arginine-induced ISC expansion. Finally, we show that L-arginine treatment protects the gut in response to injury. Our findings highlight an important role for CD90+ stromal cells in L-arginine-stimulated ISC expansion.

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