How Can the Green Sulfur Bacteria in the Depths of the Black Sea Use Quantum Computing for Light Harvesting?

2017 ◽  
pp. 341-358
Author(s):  
Deiana Drakova ◽  
Gerold Doyen
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sea Use ◽  
Green Sulfur

scholarly journals Physiology and Phylogeny of Green Sulfur Bacteria Forming a Monospecific Phototrophic Assemblage at a Depth of 100 Meters in the Black Sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8049-8060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann K. Manske ◽  
Jens Glaeser ◽  
Marcel M. M. Kuypers ◽  
Jörg Overmann
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacterium ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Green Sulfur

ABSTRACT The biomass, phylogenetic composition, and photoautotrophic metabolism of green sulfur bacteria in the Black Sea was assessed in situ and in laboratory enrichments. In the center of the western basin, bacteriochlorophyll e (BChl e) was detected between depths of 90 and 120 m and reached maxima of 54 and 68 ng liter−1. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed a dominance of farnesyl esters and the presence of four unusual geranyl ester homologs of BChl e. Only traces of BChl e (8 ng liter−1) were found at the northwestern slope of the Black Sea basin, where the chemocline was positioned at a significantly greater depth of 140 m. Stable carbon isotope fractionation values of farnesol indicated an autotrophic growth mode of the green sulfur bacteria. For the first time, light intensities in the Black Sea chemocline were determined employing an integrating quantum meter, which yielded maximum values between 0.0022 and 0.00075 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 at the top of the green sulfur bacterial layer around solar noon in December. These values represent by far the lowest values reported for any habitat of photosynthetic organisms. Only one 16S rRNA gene sequence type was detected in the chemocline using PCR primers specific for green sulfur bacteria. This previously unknown phylotype groups with the marine cluster of the Chlorobiaceae and was successfully enriched in a mineral medium containing sulfide, dithionite, and freshly prepared yeast extract. Under precisely controlled laboratory conditions, the enriched green sulfur bacterium proved to be capable of exploiting light intensities as low as 0.015 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 for photosynthetic 14CO2 fixation. Calculated in situ doubling times of the green sulfur bacterium range between 3.1 and 26 years depending on the season, and anoxygenic photosynthesis contributes only 0.002 to 0.01% to total sulfide oxidation in the chemocline. The stable population of green sulfur bacteria in the Black Sea chemocline thus represents the most extremely low-light-adapted and slowest-growing type of phototroph known to date.

scholarly journals Subfossil 16S rRNA Gene Sequences of Green Sulfur Bacteria in the Black Sea and Their Implications for Past Photic Zone Anoxia

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann K. Manske ◽  
Uta Henßge ◽  
Jens Glaeser ◽  
Jörg Overmann
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Photic Zone ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Green Sulfur

ABSTRACT The Black Sea is the largest extant anoxic water body on Earth. Its oxic-anoxic boundary is located at a depth of 100 m and is populated by a single phylotype of marine green sulfur bacteria. This organism, Chlorobium sp. strain BS-1, is extraordinarily low light adapted and can therefore serve as an indicator of deep photic zone anoxia (A. K. Manske, J. Glaeser, M. M. M. Kuypers, and J. Overmann, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:8049-8060, 2005). In the present study, two sediment cores were retrieved from the bottom of the Black Sea at depths of 2,006 and 2,162 m and were analyzed for the presence of subfossil DNA sequences of BS-1 using ancient-DNA methodology. Using optimized cultivation media, viable cells of the BS-1 phylotype were detected only at the sediment surface and not in deeper layers. In contrast, green sulfur bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments were amplified from all the sediment layers investigated, including turbidites. After separation by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing, 14 different sequence types were distinguished. The sequence of BS-1 represented only a minor fraction of the amplification products and was found in 6 of 22 and 4 of 26 samples from the 2,006- and 2,162-m stations, respectively. Besides the sequences of BS-1, three additional phylotypes of the marine clade of green sulfur bacteria were detected. However, the majority of sequences clustered with groups from freshwater habitats. Our results suggest that a considerable fraction of green sulfur bacterial chemofossils did not originate in a low-light marine chemocline environment and therefore were likely to have an allochthonous origin. Thus, analysis of subfossil DNA sequences permits a more differentiated interpretation and reconstruction of past environmental conditions if specific chemofossils of stenoec species, like Chlorobium sp. strain BS-1, are employed.

Linearly polarized light absorption spectra of chlorosomes, light-harvesting antennas of photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 484 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Tamiaki ◽  
Shingo Tateishi ◽  
Shosuke Nakabayashi ◽  
Yutaka Shibata ◽  
Shigeru Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Green Sulfur

The Role Of Bacteriochlorophyll E And Carotenoids In Light Harvesting In Brown-Colored Green Sulfur Bacteria

1998 ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Cox ◽  
Mette Miller ◽  
Jochen Aschenbrücker ◽  
Ying-Zhong Ma ◽  
Tomas Gillbro
Keyword(s):  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Green Sulfur ◽  
Bacteriochlorophyll E

scholarly journals Atomistic Study of Energy Funneling in the Light-Harvesting Complex of Green Sulfur Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 2048-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonsuk Huh ◽  
Semion K. Saikin ◽  
Jennifer C. Brookes ◽  
Stéphanie Valleau ◽  
Takatoshi Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Green Sulfur ◽  
Atomistic Study

scholarly journals Theoretical characterization of excitation energy transfer in chlorosome light-harvesting antennae from green sulfur bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Fujita ◽  
Joonsuk Huh ◽  
Semion K. Saikin ◽  
Jennifer C. Brookes ◽  
Alán Aspuru-Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Excitation Energy Transfer ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Green Sulfur ◽  
Theoretical Characterization

scholarly journals Memory-Assisted Exciton Diffusion in the Chlorosome Light-Harvesting Antenna of Green Sulfur Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (17) ◽  
pp. 2357-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Fujita ◽  
Jennifer C. Brookes ◽  
Semion K. Saikin ◽  
Alán Aspuru-Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Exciton Diffusion ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Green Sulfur ◽  
Light Harvesting Antenna

Intensity Borrowing via Excitonic Couplings among Soret and QyTransitions of Bacteriochlorophylls in the Pigment Aggregates of Chlorosomes, the Light-Harvesting Antennae of Green Sulfur Bacteria

Biochemistry ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (35) ◽  
pp. 7504-7515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Shibata ◽  
Shingo Tateishi ◽  
Shosuke Nakabayashi ◽  
Shigeru Itoh ◽  
Hitoshi Tamiaki
Keyword(s):  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Green Sulfur
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