Development Analysis of a Stainless Steel Produced by High Energy Milling Using Chips and the Addition of Vanadium Carbide

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Yoyo Saputro ◽

S Supriyono ◽

Agus Dwi Anggono

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Ball Milling ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Ball Milling ◽

High Energy Milling ◽

Energy Ball

Arang daun bambu tutul sebagai kajian produk nanopartikel dan penghasil silica yang memiliki berbagai keunggulan dari segi sifat fisika dan kimia. Pada penelitian ini produksi nanopartikel menggunakan High Energy Milling (HEM) tipeshaker mill untuk memproduksi nanopartikel dari arang daun bambu tutul. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji PSA untuk menganalisa ukuran partikel, untuk menganalisa distribusi morfologi partikel dan komposisi kimia yang terkandung dalam material menggunakan uji SEM dan EDX. Siklus yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah 2 juta siklus dengan putaran motor listrik 1000 rpm, dan diameter bola baja 1/4 inchi. Tabung stainless steel berjumlah 4 dengan diameter tabung 2 inchi dan tinggi tabung 120 mm dengan perbandingan volume ruang kosong tabung yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4 dengan material. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh volume ruang kosong tabung dan rata – rata diameter partikel, distribusi partikel, dan komposisi yang terkandung dalam partikel hasil tumbukan dengan alat shaker mill. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa volume ruang kosong tabung sangat berpengaruh pada mekanisme tumbukan. Dari uji PSA semakin besar volume ruang kosong tabung, semakin kecil ukuran partikel material yang dihasilkan. Hasil uji SEM dan EDX didapatkan unsur kimia karbon yang paling tinggi 68,47 % pada volume 1:1 ruang kosong tabung. Sehingga arang daun bambu tutul merupakan sumber potensi sebagai penghasil silica.

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Recycling Chips of Stainless Steel Using a Full Factorial Design

Metals ◽

10.3390/met9080842 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 842

Author(s):

Claudiney Mendonça ◽

Patricia Capellato ◽

Emin Bayraktar ◽

Fábio Gatamorta ◽

José Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Duplex Stainless Steel ◽

Vanadium Carbide ◽

Milling Time ◽

Rotation Speed ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

High Energy ◽

Milling Process ◽

Full Factorial

The aim of this study was to provide an experimental investigation on the novel method for recycling chips of duplex stainless steel, with the addition of vanadium carbide, in order to produce metal/carbide composites from a high-energy mechanical milling process. Powders of duplex stainless steel with the addition of vanadium carbide were prepared by high-energy mechanical ball milling utilizing a planetary ball mill. For this proposal, experiments following a full factorial design with two replicates were planned, performed, and then analyzed. The four factors investigated in this study were rotation speed, milling time, powder to ball weight ratio and carbide percentage. For each factor, the experiments were conducted into two levels so that the internal behavior among them could be statistically estimated: 250 to 350 rpm for rotation speed, 10 to 50 h for milling time, 10:1 to 22:1 for powder to ball weight ratio, and 0 to 3% carbide percentage. In order to measure and characterize particle size, we utilized the analysis of particle size and a scanning electron microscopy. The results showed with the addition of carbide in the milling process cause an average of reduction in particle size when compared with the material without carbide added. All the four factors investigated in this study presented significant influence on the milling process of duplex stainless steel chips and the reduction of particle size. The statistical analysis showed that the addition of carbide in the process is the most influential factor, followed by the milling time, rotation speed and powder to ball weight ratio. Significant interaction effects among these factors were also identified.

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A New Method to Recycle Stainless–Steel Duplex UNS S31803 Chips

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8070546 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 546 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mendonça Claudiney ◽

Oliveira Adhimar ◽

Sachs Daniela ◽

Capellato Patricia ◽

Ribeiro Vander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Duplex Stainless Steel ◽

Mechanical Milling ◽

Vanadium Carbide ◽

Initial Density ◽

High Energy ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Milling Process ◽

New Method

Due to the increased consumption of raw materials, energy, and the waste it generates, recycling has become very important and fundamental for the environment and the industrial sector. The production of duplex stainless–steel powders with the addition of vanadium carbide in the high energy mechanical milling process is a new method for recycling materials for the manufacture of components in the industrial sector. This study aims to reuse the chips from the duplex stainless–steel UNS S31803 by powder metallurgy with the addition of Vanadium carbide (VC). The mechanical milling was performed using a planetary ball mill for 50 h at a milling speed of 350 rpm and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 20:1, and the addition of 3 wt % of VC. The material submitted to milling with an addition of carbide has a particle size of less than 140 μm. After milling, the sample went through a stress relief treatment performed at 1050 °C for 1 h and the isostatic compaction process loaded with 300 MPa. The sintered powders and material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness tests. The milling process with an addition of 3% VC produced a particle size smaller than the initial chip size. The measurement of micrometric sizes obtained was between 26 and 132 μm. The sintered material had a measurement of porosity evaluated at 15%. The obtained density of the material was 84% compared to the initial density of the material as stainless–steel duplex UNS S31803. The value of the microhardness measurement was 232 HV. The material submitted for grinding presented the formation of a martensitic structure and after the thermal treatment, the presence of ferrite and austenite phases was observed. Thus, in conclusion, this study demonstrates the efficacy in the production of a metal-ceramic composite using a new method to recycle stainless–steel duplex UNS S31803 chips.

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Estimative of the Stacking Fault Energy for a FeNi(50/50) Alloy and a 316L Stainless Steel

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 591-593 ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcos Flavio de Campos ◽

S.A. Loureiro ◽

Daniel Rodrigues ◽

Maria do Carmo Silva ◽

Nelson Batista de Lima

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Milling Time ◽

High Energy ◽

Stacking Fault ◽

Stacking Fault Energy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

High Energy Milling

The effect of high energy milling on powders of a FeNi (50/50) alloy and a 316L stainless steel has been evaluated by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The average microstrain as function of the milling time (1/2h, 1h and 8h) was determined from XRD data. The displacement and broadening of the (XRD) peaks were used for estimate the stacking fault energy (SFE), using the method of Reed and Schramm. It was estimated SFE=79 mJ/m2 for the FeNi (50/50) alloy and SFE=14 mJ/m2 for the 316L stainless steel. The better experimental conditions for determining the SFE by XRD are discussed.

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