scholarly journals Go Mapping Theory and Factor Space Theory Part I: An Outline

Author(s):  
He Ouyang
Author(s):  
Qifeng Cheng ◽  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Sicong Guo ◽  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Kai Jing ◽  
...  

Logistic regression plays an important role in machine learning. People excitingly use it in conceptual matching yet with some details to be understood further. This paper aims to present a reasonable statement on logistic regression based on fuzzy sets and the factor space theory. An example about breast cancer diagnosis is displayed to show how the factor space theory can be incorporated into the understanding and use of logistic regression.


Author(s):  
Shihu Liu ◽  
Fusheng Yu ◽  
Patrick S. P. Wang

This paper makes a discussion on the ranking problem of factor granules where each granule is composed by three parts: the patterns, the factors and the factor-induced information. Hereinto, the factor-induced information refers to the pattern’s attributes and the relationship between any two patterns. The overall ranking process is based on the ideology of fuzzy collaborative clustering, by considering a referential factor granule. The collaborative information, i.e. the partition matrices of factor granules, are used to collaborate the clustering for the referential factor granule. These collaborative information are obtained from different sources by different methods. Specially, one kind is obtained from the qualitative data by factor theory-based method. By comparing the difference of the referential factor granule before and after collaboration in aspect of clustering results, we can sort these factor granules: the little the difference, the closer to the top of the sequence.


Author(s):  
Minakhi Pujari ◽  
Joachim Frank

In single-particle analysis of macromolecule images with the electron microscope, variations of projections are often observed that can be attributed to the changes of the particle’s orientation on the specimen grid (“rocking”). In the multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) of such projections, a single factor is often found that expresses a large portion of these variations. Successful angle calibration of this “rocking factor” would mean that correct angles can be assigned to a large number of particles, thus facilitating three-dimensional reconstruction.In a study to explore angle calibration in factor space, we used 40S ribosomal subunits, which are known to rock around an axis approximately coincident with their long axis. We analyzed micrographs of a field of these particles, taken with 20° tilt and without tilt, using the standard methods of alignment and MSA. The specimen was prepared with the double carbon-layer method, using uranyl acetate for negative staining. In the MSA analysis, the untilted-particle projections were used as active, the tilted-particle projections as inactive objects. Upon tilting, those particles whose rocking axes are parallel to the tilt axis will change their appearance in the same way as under the influence of rocking. Therefore, each vector, in factor space, joining a tilted and untilted projection of the same particle can be regarded as a local 20-degree calibration bar.


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