Planning and Urban Informality—Addressing Inclusiveness for Climate Resilience in the Pacific

Bamboo Fale: Climate of Change

10.26686/wgtn.17067734 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Emily Cayford

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Storm Surges ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Developed Country ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

Weather Events ◽

The Pacific ◽

The World

<p>The world is currently sitting on the brink of a massive upheaval as Climate Change continues to intensify. At this stage, there is no apparent turning back: the only remaining option is to adapt. While many countries are already feeling the effects, the most vulnerable lie within the Pacific Islands. With 70% of the Samoan population living along their coastline (The World Bank, 2016), the country is identified as one of the most vulnerable Pacific Islands. It is prone to high waves and storm surges, along with tropical cyclones, which destroy livelihoods and housing, as well as claiming lives. The traditional architecture of Samoa was originally built to withstand such weather events, but has not been adapting to resist the increased cyclone intensity and rising sea levels. The materials and building practices currently used within Samoa do not have the properties to resist these extreme weather events. Western building practises have been introduced and into the Samoan construction industry, but has not yet successfully been integrated. Combinations of traditional and Western building practises are, instead, resulting in buildings more vulnerable than ever. This issue remains unresolved, with unsuitable housing remaining one of the largest dilemmas currently faced by Samoa’s inhabitants. Samoa recently graduated from the classification: Least Developed Country, to be classified as a Developing Country (Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience). This places Samoa as one of the more developed nations of the Pacific, therefore encouraging Samoa to take the lead in resilience to the ever imposing effects of Climate Change. Samoa has a close relationship with both New Zealand and Australia and therefore has access to building expertise, education and materials. Why, then, is Samoa so lacking in architectural resilience to the effects of Climate Change? This paper endeavours to investigate this gap and, in turn provide a potential resolution. These solutions could aid other Pacific countries as well as encouraging further architectural resilience that can then be mirrored by the remaining, vulnerable countries of the Pacific. This thesis first investigates the question: “Why has Samoan culture not developed stronger architectural resilience against Climate Change?” This thesis then evolves to question: “How can Samoan architecture be hybridised to influence increased architectural resilience against Climate Change?”</p>

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Bamboo Fale: Climate of Change

10.26686/wgtn.17067734.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Emily Cayford

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Storm Surges ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Developed Country ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

Weather Events ◽

The Pacific ◽

The World

<p>The world is currently sitting on the brink of a massive upheaval as Climate Change continues to intensify. At this stage, there is no apparent turning back: the only remaining option is to adapt. While many countries are already feeling the effects, the most vulnerable lie within the Pacific Islands. With 70% of the Samoan population living along their coastline (The World Bank, 2016), the country is identified as one of the most vulnerable Pacific Islands. It is prone to high waves and storm surges, along with tropical cyclones, which destroy livelihoods and housing, as well as claiming lives. The traditional architecture of Samoa was originally built to withstand such weather events, but has not been adapting to resist the increased cyclone intensity and rising sea levels. The materials and building practices currently used within Samoa do not have the properties to resist these extreme weather events. Western building practises have been introduced and into the Samoan construction industry, but has not yet successfully been integrated. Combinations of traditional and Western building practises are, instead, resulting in buildings more vulnerable than ever. This issue remains unresolved, with unsuitable housing remaining one of the largest dilemmas currently faced by Samoa’s inhabitants. Samoa recently graduated from the classification: Least Developed Country, to be classified as a Developing Country (Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience). This places Samoa as one of the more developed nations of the Pacific, therefore encouraging Samoa to take the lead in resilience to the ever imposing effects of Climate Change. Samoa has a close relationship with both New Zealand and Australia and therefore has access to building expertise, education and materials. Why, then, is Samoa so lacking in architectural resilience to the effects of Climate Change? This paper endeavours to investigate this gap and, in turn provide a potential resolution. These solutions could aid other Pacific countries as well as encouraging further architectural resilience that can then be mirrored by the remaining, vulnerable countries of the Pacific. This thesis first investigates the question: “Why has Samoan culture not developed stronger architectural resilience against Climate Change?” This thesis then evolves to question: “How can Samoan architecture be hybridised to influence increased architectural resilience against Climate Change?”</p>

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Enhancing Climate Resilience in the Pacific

The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_103-1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Lynda E. Chambers ◽

Roan D. Plotz ◽

Siosinamele Lui ◽

David Hiriasia ◽

Ofa Fa’anunu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Resilience ◽

The Pacific

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Enhancing Climate Resilience in the Pacific

10.1007/978-3-030-42462-6_103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1927-1949

Author(s):

Lynda E. Chambers ◽

Roan D. Plotz ◽

Siosinamele Lui ◽

David Hiriasia ◽

Ofa Fa’anunu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Resilience ◽

The Pacific

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The Philological Association of The Pacific Coast

PMLA ◽

10.1017/s0030812900130597 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1373-1374

Keyword(s):

Annual Meeting ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

Stanford University ◽

The Pacific

The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast was held at Stanford University, California, on November 29 and 30, 1935.

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A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103486 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

G.C. Bellolio ◽

K.S. Lohrmann ◽

E.M. Dupré

Keyword(s):

Morphological Description ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

The Pacific ◽

Argopecten Purpuratus ◽

Veliger Larvae ◽

20 Nm ◽

Ethanol Series ◽

Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

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