Evaluating Variable Annuities with GMWB When Exogenous Factors Influence the Policy-Holder Withdrawals

Evaluating variable annuities with GMWB when exogenous factors influence the policy-holder's withdrawals

European Journal of Finance ◽

10.1080/1351847x.2019.1618362 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2-3) ◽

pp. 238-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Massimo Costabile ◽

Ivar Massabó ◽

Emilio Russo

Keyword(s):

Variable Annuities ◽

Exogenous Factors

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Development of human naive T helper cells towards the Th1 phenotype requires activation of dendritic cells by exogenous factors

Immunology Letters ◽

10.1016/s0165-2478(97)87931-x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 56 (1-3) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

C Hilkens

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

T Helper Cells ◽

T Helper ◽

Helper Cells ◽

Exogenous Factors

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POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

Jurnal Politik Pemerintahan Dharma Praja ◽

10.33701/jppdp.v11i2.398 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Arwanto Arwanto ◽

Wike Anggraini

Keyword(s):

Policy Change ◽

Significant Role ◽

Policy Process ◽

Policy Entrepreneurs ◽

Multiple Streams ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Problem Framing ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

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Der Einfluss familialer Merkmale auf den Entwicklungsprozess vom Fussballtalent zum Spitzenspieler

Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.34045/ssem/2015/7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Research Project ◽

Maximum Performance ◽

Adult Level ◽

Strong Affinity ◽

Youth Football ◽

Football Team ◽

The Family ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

Level Performance

The process by which young talents develop to become top-class players once they reach the age of maximum performance is influenced by numerous factors. Among the exogenous factors, the family plays a central role. In the context of a research project carried out in cooperation with the Swiss Football Association SFV, 159 former members of the national youth football team were interviewed retrospectively, among other things concerning their family circumstances. The study is interested in understanding two issues: 1) It examines which family conditions – compared with average Swiss families – lead to success in adolescence (nomination for a national youth team). 2) Since success in adolescence by no means guarantees top-level performance at the age of maximum performance, the heterogeneity of the sample’s adult level of performance is used to compare players who later achieve greater success to the less successful players. It is found that these players come from families with many chil-dren and a strong affinity to sports. Those players who are particularly successful at the age of maximum performance also felt they received more support from their parents and siblings during childhood and adolescence than the players who went on to be less successful.

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