Civil Service Reforms in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Progress So Far, Implementation Barriers and Challenges

This review explores and positions the value of serology testing to support current immunization policies and the broader policy response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in Europe. We applied an exploratory approach to analysing existing evidence, international recommendations, and national policies using desk research from secondary sources, document analysis, and expert information. Regional and country-level resources from five focus countries were included: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Seven experts in the fields of COVID-19 immunization, serology testing, seroepidemiology, and vaccine safety and effectiveness studies contributed to the review and convened in two online panel sessions. The paper includes an overview of (1) the impact of the pandemic to date, (2) testing strategies, (3) COVID-19 vaccination policies, (4) lessons on using serology testing to support immunization, (5) current policies and recommendations on the use of a serology testing strategy, and (6) implementation barriers and challenges. Finally, this paper also provides a set of knowledge-based recommendations to advance the effective and timely inclusion of serology testing and resolve impeding knowledge gaps. The recommendations herein are intended to support timely decision-making, raise awareness, guide advocacy initiatives, and inspire future studies.

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Stakeholders’ views of UK nurse and pharmacist supplementary prescribing

Journal of Health Services Research & Policy ◽

10.1258/jhsrp.2008.008004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 215-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Richard Cooper ◽

Claire Anderson ◽

Tony Avery ◽

Paul Bissell ◽

Louise Guillaume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care Professionals ◽

Access To Medicines ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Implementation Barriers ◽

Framework Analysis ◽

Independent Prescribing ◽

Supplementary Prescribing ◽

Theory Versus ◽

Barriers And Challenges ◽

The Uk

Objectives: Supplementary prescribing (SP) by pharmacists and nurses in the UK represents a unique approach to improving patients’ access to medicines and better utilizing health care professionals’ skills. Study aims were to explore the views of stakeholders involved in SP policy, training and practice, focusing upon issues such as SP benefits, facilitators, challenges, safety and costs, thereby informing future practice and policy. Method: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 43 purposively sampled UK stakeholders, including pharmacist and nurse supplementary prescribers, doctors, patient groups representatives, academics and policy developers. Analysis of transcribed interviews was undertaken using a process of constant comparison and framework analysis, with coding of emergent themes. Results: Stakeholders generally viewed SP positively and perceived benefits in terms of improved access to medicines and fewer delays, along with a range of facilitators and barriers to the implementation of this form of non-medical prescribing. Stakeholders’ views on the economic impact of SP varied, but safety concerns were not considered significant. Future challenges and implications for policy included SP being potentially superseded by independent nurse and pharmacist prescribing, and the need to improve awareness of SP. Several potential tensions emerged including nurses’ versus pharmacists’ existing skills and training needs, supplementary versus independent prescribing, SP theory versus practice and prescribers versus non-prescribing peers. Conclusion: SP appeared to be broadly welcomed by stakeholders and was perceived to offer patient benefits. Several years after its introduction in the UK, stakeholders still perceived several implementation barriers and challenges and these, together with various tensions identified, might affect the success of supplementary and other forms of non-medical prescribing.

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Barriers to implementing learning from child protection training in Saudi Arabia

International Social Work ◽

10.1177/0020872819878485 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 1493-1506

Author(s):

Ejalal Jalal ◽

Michelle O’Reilly ◽

Treena Bhakta ◽

Panos Vostanis

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Child Protection ◽

Service Development ◽

Implementation Barriers ◽

Related Factors ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Educational Programmes ◽

Barriers And Challenges ◽

Training Programmes

The implementation of child protection training programmes can be influenced by a range of societal, policy, service and practice-related factors. The aim of this study was to establish the experiences of implementation barriers among 26 professionals from different disciplines in Saudi Arabia, 18 months after they had completed such training. The three identified themes related to customs and traditions; organizational, administrative and staff-related barriers; and challenges in contact with families. It is important that these inter-linked levels of barriers are tackled in co-ordination through policy, legislation, awareness campaigns and service development, and that they are anticipated holistically by educational programmes.

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