Nonorganic Visual Disorders

The problem of preserving the vision of younger generation is one of the most pressing issues not only in the field of health, but also in the field of education. This problem has become especially important in the context of intensification of modern school students' education. Unfortunately, over the past decades, there has been an increase in prevalence of visual impairment of children. Currently there is a special term — «school short-sightedness (Myopia) ". According to many researchers, vision problems begin from the moment the children enter school, and this alarming trend is being detected around the world today. The article presents the results of a survey of Moscow school teachers conducted in January 2020 in order to identify the level and content of their knowledge about visual disorders, awareness of issues of vision protection and methods of work with students, as well as the request for training in activities aimed at preventing and correcting visual disorders of students. 387 teachers from Moscow state schools (31educational complex from different administrative districts of Moscow) took part in the survey. The survey data obtained confirm that today in educational organizations the work on protection of children's vision is episodic, or is not carried out. The reasons for this are insufficient knowledge and lack of special training of teachers in issues of vision protectionof students. All of the above confirms the relevance of development of measures for activities in educational organizations for vision protection, dictates the need to develop both methodological support and educational training programs for teachers aimed at prevention and correction of visual disorders of students.

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E. T. A. Hoffmann’s Visual Light-Near Dissociation – Prostitute’s Pupil

Jahrbuch für Internationale Germanistik ◽

10.3726/ja522_239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 239-252

Author(s):

Jolyon Timothy Hughes

Keyword(s):

Main Character ◽

Visual Disorders ◽

Visual Light

In E.T.A. Hoffmann’s Nachtstücke (1816/1817) the opening tale, Der Sandmann, has a young physics student Nathanael as its main character, one who suffers from certain psychological, neurotic, and visual disorders stemming from trauma experienced in his childhood. In this somewhat epistolary tale, he is tortured by the idea of the Sandman who comes after children if they won’t go to bed, throws sand in their eyes, and inflicts bleeding from the eyes. The Sandmen have crooked beaks, similar to owls’, with which they can pluck out the eyes of naughty children. In Hoffmann’s tale, the story of the Sandman and what it did to children haunted Nathanael for the rest of his life. A figure called Coppelius, the night visitor, who wanted eyes and was also Nathanael’s father’s master, personified the Sandman for him.

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AGE AND NOSOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF OPHTHALMOLOGICAL DISEASES OF PATIENTS OF THE OPHTHALMOLOGICAL CENTER OF SAINT-PETERSBURG IN 2015-2019

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2020.33.4.019 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 761-764

Author(s):

У. Р. Сагинбаев ◽

Т. А. Ахмедов ◽

В. В. Потемкин ◽

А. С. Пушкин ◽

С. А. Рукавишникова

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Saint Petersburg ◽

Pathogenetic Therapy ◽

Visual Disorders

На нашей планете живeт около 1,3 млрд человек с такими нарушениями зрительного анализатора, как катаракта и глаукома, распространенность которых значимо выше у лиц пожилого возраста. Заболевания глаз остаются глобальной медикосоциальной и экономической проблемой, что связано как с прогрессированием болезни вплоть до слепоты, так и с отсутствием методов патогенетической терапии. Проведен ретроспективный анализ многолетней динамики и структуры случаев офтальмологических заболеваний у пациентов, проходивших лечение в многопрофильной больнице. Описана возрастная и нозологическая структура офтальмологических заболеваний. Выявлены закономерные особенности структуры заболеваний относительно разных возрастных групп, также обнаружены закономерности в их динамике. About 1,3 billion people live on our planet with visual disorders such as cataract and glaucoma, the prevalence of which is signiﬁcantly higher in the elderlypopulation. Eye diseases remain a global medical, social and economic problem, associated with both the progression of the disease to blindness and the lack of pathogenetic therapy methods. A retrospective analysis of the long-term dynamics and structure of cases of ophthalmological diseases of patients treated in a large multidisciplinary hospital was carried out. The age and nosological structure of eye diseases is described. Natural features of the structure of diseases relative to different age groups have been revealed, as well as patterns in dynamics have been found.

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