Future Uncertainty, Strategic Defense, and North American Defense Cooperation: Rational Institutionalist Arguments Pragmatically Suggest NORAD’s Adaptation Over Replacement

AbstractThe renewal of the Canada-US North American Aerospace Defence (NORAD) agreement in March 1986 will not end the debate on the relationship between NORAD and trends in American strategy, including the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). This article reviews and explains the various strains of that debate. It points out why some in Canada argue that participation in NORAD will inevitably lead to Canadian involvement in the ballistic missile defence objective of the SDI. It also notes, however, why the military and other observers are concerned that strategic and technological trends in the US may make it difficult for Canada to remain active in North American aerospace defence, and indeed, even to provide for its own air sovereignty.

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Infection control in North American dental schools

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1989.53.9.tb02344.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 532-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E Sampson ◽

VB Dhuru

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

North American ◽

Dental Schools

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Treatment planning instruction in North American dental schools, 1984-85

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1985.49.10.tb01933.x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 702-706

Author(s):

S Kennon ◽

TF Sleamaker ◽

AG Farman

Keyword(s):

Treatment Planning ◽

North American ◽

Dental Schools

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Adaptation of the Connected Speech Test: Rerecording and Passage Equivalency

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2019_aja-19-00052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 259-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hasan K. Saleh ◽

Paula Folkeard ◽

Ewan Macpherson ◽

Susan Scollie

Keyword(s):

Speech Perception ◽

North American ◽

First Language ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Connected Speech ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Speech Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Unit Standard

Purpose The original Connected Speech Test (CST; Cox et al., 1987) is a well-regarded and often utilized speech perception test. The aim of this study was to develop a new version of the CST using a neutral North American accent and to assess the use of this updated CST on participants with normal hearing. Method A female English speaker was recruited to read the original CST passages, which were recorded as the new CST stimuli. A study was designed to assess the newly recorded CST passages' equivalence and conduct normalization. The study included 19 Western University students (11 females and eight males) with normal hearing and with English as a first language. Results Raw scores for the 48 tested passages were converted to rationalized arcsine units, and average passage scores more than 1 rationalized arcsine unit standard deviation from the mean were excluded. The internal reliability of the 32 remaining passages was assessed, and the two-way random effects intraclass correlation was .944. Conclusion The aim of our study was to create new CST stimuli with a more general North American accent in order to minimize accent effects on the speech perception scores. The study resulted in 32 passages of equivalent difficulty for listeners with normal hearing.

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