A Policy Framework for Sustainable Real Estate in the European Union

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Strauss
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The European Union

The promotion of security sector reform strategies: Comparing the roles of the European Union and Canada

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Vandemoorteele
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

This article analyzes the role of the European Union (EU) and Canada in the promotion of Security Sector Reforms (SSR) activities in two regional organizations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The concept of SSR seeks to address the effective governance of security in post-conflict environment by transforming the security institutions within a country in order for them to have more efficient, legitimate and democratic role in implementing security. Recent debates within the EU have led to the adoption of an SSR concept from the Council and a new strategy from the European Commission on the SSR activities. Within the framework of the ESDP, the EU has positioned itself as a leading actor, in this domain, including in its crisis management operations. On the other hand, Canada, through its whole-of government and human security programs has also been an important actor in the promotion of SSR activities. Yet, even though several international organizations (including the United Nations, the OSCE and NATO) are effectively doing SSR activities on the ground, there does not exist a common framework within any of these organizations despite the role of the EU and Canada. As such, it is surprising to found no global common policy for SSR while this approach is precisely holistic in its foundations. Taking these elements into consideration, this paper analyzes two specific aspects : a) the absence of a common policy framework within international organizations and b) the major differences between the approaches of the OSCE and NATO in the domain of SSR and the implications for the EU and Canada’ roles.   Full extt available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i2.186

scholarly journals Correlation of Economic Development of Countries with the Potential of their Housing Real Estate Markets: A Case Study in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol XXIII (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. 660-678
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Dabrowski ◽  
Lukasz Mach ◽  
Lukasz Mikolajczyk ◽  
Arkadiusz Kuswik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Real Estate Markets

scholarly journals COLLECTIVE DOMINANCE IN COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: AN ASSESSMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Mahmudur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Market Opening ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Collective Dominance

The European Commission, supported by the European Courts, developed the framework for competition law and policy in Europe. One of the main purposes of this policy is to build a conceptual and legal foundation to promote market opening and to strengthen community institutions. In this policy framework, ‘collective dominance’ of firms in the European market is the utmost important issue. To deal with this issue, the competition law of the European Union is now relying more on the extensive network of national-level authorities and applying broadly consistent substantive rules. The notion of ‘collective dominance’ in European competition policy is in transition towards policy based on market-center economic considerations as regulations and guidelines increasingly follow an analytic format based on economic perspectives. 

The World Experience of Describing and Accounting of Real Estate Objects

2006 ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
M. Mishustin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
State Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Experience

Real estate cadastre is considered in the article in the context of interaction with state management tools. Benefits of cadastre usage are illustrated with developed countries practice. The author analyzes the cadastre management process and technologies, estimates quality and quantity criteria proposed by modern experience of various countries. Main tendencies of the world cadastre development arise from the European Union cadastres specifics. Characteristics of real estate objects registration in developed countries and in Russia are compared.

scholarly journals Discursive framing and organizational venues: mechanisms of artificial intelligence policy adoption

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110075
Author(s):  
Frans af Malmborg ◽  
Jarle Trondal
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Member States

The purpose of this article is twofold: to theoretically assess ideational and organizational explanatory factors in the adoption of artificial intelligence policies; and to examine the extent to which the European Union has managed to facilitate a coordinated artificial intelligence policy in the Nordic countries. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach based on systematic web searching, systematic policy document analysis and key informant semi-structured interviews. The study finds that the European Union has utilized framing-based strategies to set an agenda for a coordinated European artificial intelligence policy. Moreover, the strategy has affected member-state artificial intelligence policies to the extent that key tenets of European Union artificial intelligence discourse have penetrated Nordic public documents. However, the extent to which the Nordic countries incorporate European Union artificial intelligence policy discourse diverges at the national level. Differentiated national organizational capacities among Nordic countries make the adoption of artificial intelligence policies divergent. This observation is theoretically accounted for through a conversation between organizational theory of public governance and discursive institutionalism. The study argues that the framing of European Union artificial intelligence policies is filtered through organizational structures among states. Points for practitioners The study illuminates how policymakers in the Nordic countries are affected by the European Union when crafting their own artificial intelligence policies. The European Commission profoundly influences the policymaking of member states and affiliated states through the policy strategy of policy framing. The Commission uses this soft measure to nudge member states to comply with the European Union policy framework. Second, the study shows how ‘organizations matter’: variation in national organizational capacities in the Nordic states contributes to variation in national policy adoption. Even though Nordic countries adopt European Union-level policy frames, their implementation is shaped by varying organizational capacities available at the national level.

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