Land and Contestations over Autochthony and Local Citizenship in Agrarian Ghana

This article examines the reimagination of communities in an industrial cassava frontier of Ghana in the wake of a contested land grab supported by state and community institutions. Qualitative and survey data were used to construct the existing social relations in the communities through the lens of earlier processes of agrarian change that have transformed the social base of the communities. It is argued that the expansion of capitalist production systems into agrarian areas results in local citizenship contestations centered on land, and redefinition and reclassification of people and their access to land. The multiple claims and contestations that arose from the land grab and the political reactions from below are highlighted. It is further argued that differentiated dispossession and class differences determine the strategies used by affected people. While some farmers demonstrated agency by holding on to a “little pie” to enjoy greater community social cohesion, others, drawing from their local citizenship status, although contested, fought the land grab.

تأسيس الشركات بين الجامعات السودانية و مؤسسات المجتمع خاصة الشركات الخاصة

تأسيس الشركات بين الجامعات السودانية و مؤسسات المجتمع خاصة الشركات الخاصة This research tackles the way in which Sudanese universities establish partnerships with community institutions especially private sector companies in order to spare universities needs materially and physically which helps in achieving the economical job of the universities by benefiting from Peculiarities Of knowledge economics. The research also handles how Sudanese universities translates their developing efforts in academic process and scientific research through encouraging and adopting innovations and Excellent Research Ideas. In addition, The research aimed at identifying the important role of Innovations and Excellent Research Ideas Centers in universities in transforming Excellent Research Ideas into successful projects which enables universities in developing their Learning Inputs in order to obtain developed outputs, then accordingly, universities will find the way paved to Establish successful partnerships with community institutions especially private sector companies, in doing so, universities will spare the needed finance for scientific programmes, training, academic, and research programmes. The research confirms that transforming Excellent Research Ideas into successful projects attains good beneficial income for universities in especial* and thereafter for the economy of the country in general

EVALUASI PROGRAM PERBAIKAN JALAN LINGKUNGAN PADA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

ABSTRAKPerbaikan jalan lingkungan di Kabupaten Lombok Timur merupakan program dari Kementerian PUPR melalui Direktorat Jenderal Cipta Karya yang ditujukan untuk mengurangi kesenjangan antar wilayah, pengentasan kemiskinan, memperbaiki tata kelola pemerintah daerah (kabupaten, kecamatan dan desa) serta memperkuat kelembagaan masyarakat di tingkat desa. Pelaksanaan program ini melibatkan Disperkim Provinsi NTB dan Dinas Cipta Karya PUPR Provinsi NTB sebagai pendamping dan pengawas teknis. Program ini dilaksanaan sejak Tahun 2017 hingga saat ini. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk pelaksanaan pada tahun berikutnya. Wilayah yang menjadi target evaluasi terdapat pada beberapa kecamatan meliputi Kecamatan Pringgasela, Kecamatan Sembalun, Kecamatan Aikmel, Kecamatan Pringgabaya dan Kecamatan Wanasaba. Bila dilihat secara persentase nilai capaian dari pelaksaanaan program, maka diperoleh rata-rata mencapai di atas 80%. Bahkan untuk Kecamatan Priggabaya dan Wanasaba pada Tahun 2020 mencapai 91% dan 92% berturut-turut. Selain itu Kecamatan Wanasaba memiliki persentase pencapaian tertinggi yaitu 93% di Tahun 2020. Pencapaian pelaksaaan menunjukkan persentase yang terus meningkat sehingga tercapai tujuan utama yang dinginkan. Sebagai rekomendasi untuk pelaksanaan tahun ongoing dan tahun selanjutnya maka dalam pelaksanaan sebaiknya melibatkan partisipasi dari masyarakat sehingga program dapat mencapai seluruh daerah yang ditargetkan dan menghasilkan nilai capaian sebesar 100%. Kata kunci: jalan lingkungan; perbaikan; evaluasi; capaian; lombok timur. ABSTRACTThe improvement of side roads in East Lombok Regency is a program of the Ministry of PUPR through the Direktorat Jenderal Cipta Karya which is aimed at reducing regional disparities, alleviating poverty, improving local government (district, sub-district, and village), and strengthening community institutions at the village level. The implementation of this program involves the Disperkim Provinsi NTB dan Dinas Cipta Karya PUPR as assistants and technical supervisors. This program has been implemented since 2017 until now. This article aims to evaluate the implementation of the program and provide recommendations for implementation in the following year. The evaluation target areas are located in several sub-districts including Pringgasela, Sembalun, Aikmel, Pringgabaya, and Wanasaba. According to a percentage of the achievement value of program implementation, the average achieved is above 80%. Even for the Districts of Priggabaya and Wanasaba in 2020, it reached 91% and 92%, respectively. In addition, Wanasaba District has the highest percentage of achievement, which is 93% in 2020. The achievement trend increases since the program has been initiated in 2017. As a recommendation for the implementation of the ongoing year and the following year, the implementation should involve the participation of the community. Thus the problems that have occurred so far can be avoided and are expected to reach all targeted areas to produce an achievement value of 100%. Keywords: side roads; repair; evaluation; achievement; east lombok.

COVID-19 Impacts Highlight the Need for Holistic Evaluation of Research and in the Hydrologic Sciences

As we reckon with the effect of COVID-19 on the research enterprise in hydrologic science, it is important to acknowledge that disruptions will be persistent and that institutional-level adjustments, while helpful, are not sufficient to mitigate all impacts on hydrologic scientists. Here, we describe the breadth of research contributions in the hydrologic sciences, consider how the pandemic has impacted this portfolio of contributions, document one impact that is already being realized in publication of research, and suggest guidance to the hydrologic science community, institutions, review panels, and funding organizations in considering these impacts at various stages of hiring and promotion in our community. Acknowledging the diversity of contributions to research is particularly valuable because it provides a more objective, transparent, and holistic basis for evaluating individuals within the context of norms of the hydrologic science community. With clearly established values, it is easier to identify impacts of life events, such as those related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as they are manifested in individuals under a diversity of circumstances.

Ta’ awun behavior, work stress, worklife balance in Islamic perspective and employee performance : investigation in Indonesia

Ta’ awun behavior is very rarely being studied in business research especially when associated with employee performance. This study examines and analyzes the partial effect of: (1) ta’ awun behavior on employee performance, work stress, and work-life balance in Islamic perspective (WLBIP), (2) work stress and WLBIP on employee performance and (3) the mediating role of work stress and WLBIP in the relationship between ta’ awun behavior on employee performance. Data is collected through distributing questionnaires to employees of financial services companies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with purposive manner. The statistical technique uses Partial Least Square. The results prove that ta’ awun behavior is partially able to make a positive contribution to the employees performance and WLBIP. Ta’ awun behavior also reduces work stress. Employee work stress reduces employee performance and WLBIP improves employee performance. Work stress is able to mediate ta’ awun behavior on employee performance, but WLBIP is not able to mediate it. This study implies that the research model can be applied to employees of business companies, which so far have focused on social and community institutions.

Revealing the role of school principals in Palestine in activating the school activities and its relation in raising the level of students' achievement: دور مديري المدارس في فلسطين في تفعيل الأنشطة المدرسية وعلاقته برفع مستوى تحصيل الطلبة

The present study aimed at revealing the role of school principals in Palestine in activating the school activities and its relation in raising the level of students' achievement from the teachers’ point of view of the higher elementary stage. To achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire was developed consisting of (34) paragraphs divided into five areas: cultural and artistic activity, scientific activity, social activity, scout activity, sports activity, and verified its validity and stability, and then distributed to the study sample consisting of (180) teachers, who were chosen in a simple random way, and used descriptive approach in this study, and the results showed the role of school principals in Palestine in activating school activities from the teachers’ point of view came at a high level, The mean of the instrument as a whole was (3.88) The results of the study also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the respondents on the total score, due to the variables of the study (gender, experience, qualification, and specialization). The results also showed a statistically significant positive correlation between the degree of student activity from the teachers’ point of view and the achievement of their students in the primary stage. In the light of the study, Findings the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including: motivating teachers who work with the student activities for the positive results of the study, and involve the community institutions in student activities.

Love Thy Neighbour? Perceived Community Abidance and Private Compliance to COVID-19 Norms in India

To arrest the spread of COVID-19 infection, strict adherence to frequent hand washing and respiratory hygiene protocols have been recommended. While these measures involve private effort, they provide health gains along with collective community benefits and hence are likely to be driven by pro-social motives like altruism and reciprocity. Using data from 934 respondents collected from April till May 2020 across India, we assess if changes in perceived community compliance can predict changes in individual compliance behaviour. We observe statistically significant and positive relationship between the two, even after accounting for observable and omitted variable bias allowing us to view the results from a plausible causal lens. Further, we find subsequent lockdowns having a detrimental effect on individual compliance though the gains from higher perceived community compliance seem to offset this loss. We also find positive perceptions about community can be particularly effective for people with pre-existing co-morbidities. Our findings underscore the need for multi-level behavioural interventions involving local actors and community institutions to sustain private compliance during the pandemic. We suggest these interventions need to be specially targeted for individuals with chronic ailments and emphasize on community behavioural practices in public messaging. JEL Codes: I12, I18, I19, I31

Willingness to Contribute to Bio-Larviciding in the Fight against Malaria: A Contingent Valuation Study among Rice Farmers in Rwanda

There is broad consensus that successful and sustained larval source management (LSM) interventions, including bio-larviciding campaigns, require embeddedness in local community institutions. Ideally, these community structures should also be capable of mobilizing local resources to (co-)finance interventions. To date, farmer cooperatives, especially cooperatives of rice growers whose economic activity facilitates mosquito breeding, have remained under the radar in designing community-based bio-larviciding campaigns. This study explores the potential of rice farmer cooperatives in Bugesera district, Rwanda, to take up the aforementioned roles. To this purpose, we surveyed 320 randomly selected rice farmers who belonged to one of four rice cooperatives in the area and elicited their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for application of Bti, a popular bio-larvicide, in their rice paddies. Results from a (non-incentivized) bidding game procedure, which tested two alternative contribution schemes showed that financial contributions would be significantly different from zero and sufficient to carry a co-financing share of 15–25 per cent. A strong heterogeneity in mean WTP is revealed across cooperatives, in addition to variation among individual farmers, which needs to be anticipated when engaging farmer cooperatives in LSM.

Bioethics research under European and national regulations

The timeliness of the subject is due to the interest shown in knowledge of the European and national legislative framework in bioethical research. The European and national legislative framework for bioethical research is clarified in this Article, and the biophysical issues are classified into domestic legislation. It also assesses certain rules and legal regulations contained in the Treaties drawn up by the European institutions, which aim at establishing and operating best the Community institutions on bioethics and which are useful for the national legislative framework.

Peningkatan Pemahaman Mengenai Larangan Rangkap Jabatan bagi Pengurus Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 18 Tahun 2018 di Kecamatan Kulim

The partner problem is that many administrators of Community Empowerment Institutions in the Kulim sub-district do not yet know and understand the prohibition of concurrent positions for the management of Community Empowerment Institutions based on Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 18 of 2018 concerning Village Community Institutions and Village Traditional Institutions. The target of community service is to increase knowledge and understanding of Duties, Functions and Prohibitions for administrators. The output plans for this service activity are from drafts of scientific articles and mass media publications. The solution offered and agreed upon by the proposer and partners in overcoming the problem is that socialization needs to be conducted in legal counselling and discussion. The implementation method uses lectures and discussions. Lecturers deliver material, and participants are freed to have an interactive dialogue to obtain input in the form of problems, aspirations, proposals, ideas and solutions. Partners' participation in this activity is willing, provides time and place, and mobilizes the community as the target audience. The outputs that will be produced according to this community service activity plan are: for partners, of course, increasing knowledge and understanding of the duties, functions and prohibitions of management, for proposing the output to be achieved is in drafts of scientific articles.