Emerging Issues of Robots to Be Used in Groups

تناولت هذه الورقة فلسفة العقوبة في الشريعة الإسلامية، وفلسفتها في القانون الوضعي، وتمت الموازنة بين الفلسفتين، وخلص العرض والموازنة إلى نتائج ملخصها أن مسألة عصمة الشريعة وسموها تعد علامة فارقة بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي، هذه العلامة نتج عنها فروق كثيرة أولها أن العقوبة في التشريع الوضعي تكون تابعةً للهدف، فالهدف يوضع أولاً ثم تصاغ على ضوئه العقوبة، ولذلك كلما ظهرت مدرسةٌ جديدةٌ تؤسس لفكرٍ جديدٍ ظهر اختلافٌ في التشريع العقابي. بينما النظام العقابي الإسلامي ثابتٌ ومعصوم، وقد وُجدت الحاجة إلى معرفة أهدافه وفلسفته ليتسنى السير على مقتضاها فيما يستجد من وقائع، وأن سمو فلسفة العقوبة في الشريعة الإسلامية ينبع من سمو مصدرها، فواضع هذه العقوبات هو خالق البشر. بينما العقوبة في القانون الوضعي تعتمد في فلسفتها على خبرة واضعيها، وهي خبرة محدودة وأحكامها نسبية، لذا كان تطبيق العقوبات الشرعية أجدر حتى وإن لم يُدرَك كنه هذه العقوبات وفلسفتها. الكلمات الرئيسية: فلسفة العقوبة، القانون الإسلامي، القانون الوضعي، التشريع العقابي.******************************In this paper light is shed on the philosophy of punishment in Islamic and positive laws and a comparison between them is accomplished. In brief, the conclusion of the exposition and comparison is that issue of infallibility of SharÊ‘ah and its nobleness are the distinguishing marks between Islamic and positive laws. This led to further differences. The first difference is that the punishment in positive laws is in accordance with the stipulated goal, that is, the goal is set first and then the punishment is formulated in that light. That is why whenever any new school of thought appears based on some ideology, differences emerge in punitive legislation. Islamic penal system is, however, immutable and infallible. There is a need to know its objectives and wisdom so as to in order to tackle new emerging issues. The nobility of the philosophy of punishment in Islamic law stems from the nobility of its source and that is no one but the Creator of human beings. The punishment in the positive law, on the other hand, relies on the philosophy that is based on the experiences of the authors of these laws. And these experiences are limited and their rulings are relativistic. Applying Islamic legal punishments are, therefore, more legitimate, even though their essence and philosophy are not fully grasped.Key words: Philosophy of Punishment, Islamic Law, Positive Law, Punitive Legislation.

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Healthcare System in the Arctic Zone of Russia. Known and Emerging Issues and Solutions to Them

Russian Economic Journal ◽

10.33983/0130-9757-2019-4-3-20 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-20

Author(s):

V.N. Leksin

Keyword(s):

Metallurgical Industry ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

The Arctic ◽

Russian Arctic ◽

Arctic Zone ◽

Shift Workers ◽

The North ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Emerging Issues ◽

The Impact

The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

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ADVISORY JURISDICTION OF THE UN INTERNATIONAL COURT

Образование. Культура. Общество: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2020) ◽

10.37539/ecs291.2020.58.55.029 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Аниса Асламбековна Попанова

Keyword(s):

International Court Of Justice ◽

Court Of Justice ◽

International Court ◽

Emerging Issues

В Статуте Международного Суда ООН содержится положение о том, что в компетенцию Суда входит не только функция по разрешению любого рода международных споров, возникающих между двумя и более государствами, но и функция по предоставлению консультаций по любым возникающим вопросам международного характера. В статье автором предпринята попытка по ее всестороннему анализу. The Statute of the UN International Court of Justice contains a provision that the competence of the Court includes not only the function of resolving any kind of international disputes arising between two or more states, but also the function of providing advice on any emerging issues of an international nature. In the article, the author made an attempt to comprehensively analyze it.

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Emerging Issues of International Business

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1501449 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Joynal Abdin

Keyword(s):

International Business ◽

Emerging Issues

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