The Role of Higher Education Institutions in Development of Social Entrepreneurship: The Case of Tallinn University Social Entrepreneurship Study Program, Estonia

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce a higher education social enterprise program and explore how it is shaping the field of social entrepreneurship. Social enterprise related university programs are an emerging trend. Entrepreneurial university theory and ecosystem framework are used to illustrate how the university social enterprise program, in turn, develops the field of social entrepreneurship. An example of an existing social enterprise program is discussed to highlight how it can be designed. Cases of social enterprises emerged as the result of the program are used to outline the different impacts that such support to social entrepreneurship might have. The research chapter reveals the multi-dimensional nature of the social enterprise program and its impact on students establishing their own social enterprises. It suggests that the incubation and other support activities should expand beyond the university program including a variety of network partners. The chapter provides empirical evidence of social enterprise development in a higher education institution and contributes to the global body of knowledge about fostering social enterprise development. As the provision of social entrepreneurship education is new in Estonia and the discussions on social enterprises are premature, the number of social entrepreneurship development partners is limited and hence the empirical data is currently scarce. The journey towards an entrepreneurial university is limited due to the lack of legal support and suitable infrastructure which would enhance project-based learning, support ‘spin-offs’ and patenting and rather engenders a more traditional academic learning environment.

The Subject and Concept of Innovation Activity (Projection on Russian Specifics)

The role of innovations in the development of society is considered. It is shown that innovations are a routine economic process of enterprise development, requiring the involvement of a number of resources for implementation. The availability of resources, the complexity of their acquire and use determine the demand for innovative approaches to the development of enterprises and the economy as a whole. The article compares the problems of innovative development faced by enterprises and scientific organizations abroad and in Russia. The differences in the problems and tasks that need to be solved are shown. As a result, the approaches to stimulating innovative development that are used abroad do not always give comparable results in Russia. At the same time, there are problems in Russia that are not relevant abroad and, as a result, are not discussed there. The focus on borrowing foreign solutions leads to the fact that the tasks relevant for Russia are not discussed in the expert community and are not solved practically.

PROFIT IMPROVEMENT OF MANAGEMENT AT THE ENTERPRISE

The paper deals with the management of the enterprise profit. It is shown that profit is an important monetary evaluation of production and financial activities of the enterprise, showing the efficiency of the enterprise. It is one of the key performance indicators and enterprise development, improvement of the material base of the company and its products. The role of profits in the company's development in today's market conditions. The analysis of approaches to the management of a profit. Analyzed profit management company. Defined workflow for the management of the distribution and use of the company's profit. Revealed the necessary conditions of good governance and improve the profit management process of the company. Proposed measures to improve the structure of the target the use of business profits, which will improve the financial position of the company and increase its efficiency.

Market Development Approach: A New Paradigm in Promoting Business Development Services

Background: Business Development Service (BDS) market is considered as a paradigm shift to traditional approaches in promoting and delivering enterprise support services. BDS is an internationally recognized tool to achieve economic prosperity through the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Most developed and developing nations are promoting BDS for MSME development and employment generation. Micro-Enterprise Development Program (MEDEP) has initiated the BDS market development approach named as Micro-Enterprise Development (MED) model in Nepal since1998. Objective: This article is objectively written to analyze and present the MED model, implementation approach, and MEDEP’s strategies for effective BDS delivery; market development; and sustainability. Method: Secondary as well as primary sources of information have been used to collect data. Secondary data have been triangulated through experts’ opinions. A descriptive methodology has been used while analyzing data. Result: Apart from ME promotion, this article has also briefly presented how MEDEP has contributed to making an enabling environment for sustainable BDS market development in Nepal. MED model was implemented by MEDEP in 10 districts in its first phase (1998-2003). The model is found successfully implemented in all districts of Nepal till the end of MEDEP’s 4th phase in 2018. It is in the process of being replicated in all 753 Local Governments (LGs). Conclusion: MEDEP remarkably found highly contributed to the introduction, development, and growth of the BDS market development approach in Nepal by creating more than 132,000 micro-enterprises, developing institutional frameworks and partnerships modality for service delivery, and creating an enabling policy environment. This approach is found well recognized and replicated in some manner by other government, Non-Government and private BDS providing institutions as well.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC TOOLS OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES

The article discusses management tools that allow an enterprise to pursue an innovative path of development. In the context of innovative changes, when public and private interests are closely interconnected, all companies that care about the level of business reputation have decided to participate in one way or another in the new paradigm of forming and developing a successful business. In our opinion, it is based on human resource management from the point of view of the near-term prospects of becoming the main competitive factor of growth, as well as solving, to a greater or lesser extent, global problems in the field of sustainable development. Today every organization operates in an economic space where moral foundations, principles and culture are constantly evolving. Therefore, entrepreneurs and managers must build relationships with their subordinates, competitors and partners based on improved motivational strategy, ethics and social responsibility. This approach presupposes management consulting, mentoring and training, which makes it possible to realize the ambitions of professional and personal development of each employee in the context of the implementation of the enterprise development strategy.

A reflection on a bone tissue engineering design and commercialisation project

<p>A commercialisation project centred round a material called synthetic nacre was undertaken as a teamas part of the 2014 Masters of Advanced Technology Enterprise (MATE) programme. There were multiple goals of: examining the individual role within the group,from an engineering discipline(mechatronics), and what it means for building successful teams; finding and developing the material for a market application, in this casethe niche ofbiodegradable osteoconductive load bearing biomaterials for orthopaedic implants; andreflecting on the personalcontribution to the commercialisation processand how successful it was. The role of an engineer to solve problems was proposed and found to be partially true in this case; additionally a secondary role in communicating technical information coherently was also apparent and important to the enterprise development. An adaptive biomaterial design concept and specification for the target application was formed using the literature and extrapolating where there was no resolution or gaps in the research. The influence of mechatronics has been established on the decision making process and direction of the commercialisation project. The design process was incomplete and therefore the enterprise develop was unsuccessful as it has not been validated by going through a full design, test, evaluate cycle. The goals of the course environment and the team building approach further reinforces this belief.</p>

A reflection on a bone tissue engineering design and commercialisation project

<p>A commercialisation project centred round a material called synthetic nacre was undertaken as a teamas part of the 2014 Masters of Advanced Technology Enterprise (MATE) programme. There were multiple goals of: examining the individual role within the group,from an engineering discipline(mechatronics), and what it means for building successful teams; finding and developing the material for a market application, in this casethe niche ofbiodegradable osteoconductive load bearing biomaterials for orthopaedic implants; andreflecting on the personalcontribution to the commercialisation processand how successful it was. The role of an engineer to solve problems was proposed and found to be partially true in this case; additionally a secondary role in communicating technical information coherently was also apparent and important to the enterprise development. An adaptive biomaterial design concept and specification for the target application was formed using the literature and extrapolating where there was no resolution or gaps in the research. The influence of mechatronics has been established on the decision making process and direction of the commercialisation project. The design process was incomplete and therefore the enterprise develop was unsuccessful as it has not been validated by going through a full design, test, evaluate cycle. The goals of the course environment and the team building approach further reinforces this belief.</p>