The Role of International Conventions and General International Law in the Fight against International Terrorism

This year's 6th Joint Conference held by the American and Dutch Societies of International Law and organised by the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague focused on the increasing importance of the role of non-state actors in international law and at the same time provided an opportunity for American and European lawyers to address recent differences between the U.S. and Europe, e.g. on the use of force in Iraq. Consequently one of the three major issues of the conference was the response to international terrorism, while other issues included the role of international organizations as well as transnational corporations in international law.

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Tinjauan Yuridis Cyber Espionage Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional

Jurist-Diction ◽

10.20473/jd.v4i6.31839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2141

Author(s):

Aldo Rahmandana

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

International Law ◽

The State ◽

State Responsibility ◽

Economic Threat ◽

Cyber Espionage ◽

Per Se ◽

International Conventions ◽

Rapid Transformation

AbstractDue to the rapid transformation of technology causing a subliminal changes on how states spy upon each other. With the help of technology and cyber infrastructure, states tend to use cyber technology as its main facility to conduct an espionage towards other states. Cyber espionage has come to represent national security and economic threat, due to all the classified information that already been massively stolen by another country. The aim of this research paper is to analyze and clarify pertaining the role of International law specifically towards this kind of act of espionage, and perceive the state responsibility of perpetrator which is states. It can be concluded that cyber espionage does not per se regulated under international law, but its lawfulness depends on the way in which it operation carried out may violate specific international conventions or any other international law principles.Keywords: Cyberlaw; Cyber Espionage; International Law.AbstrakPesatnya perkembangan teknologi dan digitalisasi mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan metode dan cara dalam pelaksanaan tindakan spionase oleh negara terhadap negara lain guna mengumpulkan fakta dan informasi yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan politik, ekonomi, teknologi, dll melalui kapabilitas teknologi siber atau kerap disebut sebagai cyber espionage. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis terkait peranan hukum internasional dalam mengatur tindakan tersebut dalam tataran internasional dan bagaimana pertanggungjawaban dari negara pelaku tindakan cyber espionage. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa belum ada konvensi international khusus yang mengatur mengenai cyber espionage sehingga tindakan cyber espionage itu sendiri merupakan tindakan yang masih belum diatur secara international.Kata Kunci: Hukum Siber; Cyber Espionage; Hukum Internasional.

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Ethical Rules and Codes of Honor Related to Museum Activities: A Complementary Support to the Private International Law Approach Concerning the Circulation of Cultural Property

International Journal of Cultural Property ◽

10.1017/s0940739109090067 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 49-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Manlio Frigo

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Codes Of Conduct ◽

Cultural Property ◽

Market Regulation ◽

Private International Law ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Public And Private ◽

International Protection ◽

International Conventions

The role of ethical rules and codes of conduct in the field of art law and international protection of cultural property, together with the adoption of the relevant international conventions, has constantly increased in the last decades. This article considers the main codes of conduct drafted by international organizations as well as international, national, public, and private institutions, federations, and associations. The focus is on their influence on international trade as instruments of art market regulation. Specific attention is paid to the interaction with the private international law approach and to a survey of both direct and indirect effects of these rules on the international circulation of cultural property.

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South Africa

From Baksheesh to Bribery ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190232399.003.0014 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 377-416

Author(s):

Andrew Boutros

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

International Law ◽

International Cooperation ◽

South African ◽

Legal Issues ◽

The South ◽

Legal Regime ◽

International Conventions ◽

Corporate Practice

The South African legal regime recognizes the role of international law and treaties, and much of South Africa’s anti-corruption legislation has been enacted to give effect to various international conventions and treaties. Accordingly, this chapter will discuss and detail the material developments in respect of bribery and anti-corruption legislation and further consider the interplay between applicable South African legislation and international conventions. This chapter will further, inter alia, cover legal issues relating to certain presumptions applicable to statutory offenses, the nature of what is referred to as “facilitation payments,” how “gifts, gratuities and hospitality” are dealt with in terms of applicable legislation, whistle-blower protection, international cooperation and extradition agreements, and the South African corporate practice regarding the foregoing. Where one is in breach of certain anti-corruption legislation, it should be noted that one may inadvertently also be in breach of South African anti-trust legislation, and these issues will be further considered and detailed herein.

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