Functional Aspects of the Cardiovascular System

The possibilities of modern non-invasive methods of studying microcirculation in humans allow you to immerse yourself in the world of fundamental physiological processes on the opposite heart to the «pole» of the cardiovascular system and to obtain data that were previously inaccessible to researchers. For example, laser Doppler flowmetry and computer capillaroscopy make it possible to obtain information on the vasomotor activity of resistive precapillary arterial and capillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood to the exchange unit. This mechanism ensures the exchange of water-soluble and low-molecular substances and is determined by parameters of hemodynamics. The review briefly analyzes the main structural and functional aspects of the microvascular bed of the skin, which must be taken into account when conducting non-invasive studies of the microcirculation system in humans.

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Do we need another echo ‘window to the cardiovascular system’?

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20000139 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

ANDREW KELION

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular System

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Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20191213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (17) ◽

pp. 2243-2262

Author(s):

Danlin Liu ◽

Gavin Richardson ◽

Fehmi M. Benli ◽

Catherine Park ◽

João V. de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cardiovascular Research ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

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The Cardiovascular System

10.1016/s1546-5098(08)x6001-7 ◽

1992 ◽

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular System

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Functional Aspects of Language Acquisition: Another View

Contemporary Psychology ◽

10.1037/017474 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 623-624

Author(s):

MARIS MONITZ RODGON

Keyword(s):

Language Acquisition ◽

Functional Aspects

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Long term in vivo reactions to PTFE and polyester in the cardiovascular system - what will be the fate of septal defect occlusion devices?

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1367355 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

M. Sigler ◽

S. Huell ◽

R. Foth ◽

W. Ruschewski ◽

T. Tirilomis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular System ◽

Septal Defect

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Radiation exposure of patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures in Germany between 1996 and 2000

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625201 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 44 (05) ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. Schnell-Inderst ◽

D. Noßke ◽

M. Weiss ◽

A. Stamm-Meyer ◽

G. Brix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Current Status ◽

Annual Number ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Public Health Information ◽

Nuclear Medicine Procedures ◽

And Gender ◽

Icrp Publication

Summary:The aim of this study was to estimate both the frequency and effective dose of nuclear medicine procedures performed in Germany between 1996 and 2000 for different subgroups of patients. Methods: Electronically archived data from 14 hospitals and 10 private practices were restored and statistically analyzed. The effective dose per examination was calculated according to ICRP publication 80 using the tissue weighting factors given in ICRP publication 60. Based on the data collected, statistical parameters were computed to characterize the frequency and effective dose of the various nuclear medicine procedures. Results: In total, 604,771 nuclear medicine procedures performed in 433,709 patients were analyzed. On average, 1.4 examinations were carried out per patient and year. The median effective dose was 1.7 [5.-95. percentile; mean: 0.4–8.5; 2.9] mSv per examination and 2.3 [0.5–11.2; 3.5] mSv per patient. Interestingly, the mean effective dose per examination, but not the number of examinations per year increased with the age of the patients. Most frequent were examinations of the thyroid (36.7%), the skeleton (27.1%) and the cardiovascular system (11.1%), which were associated with a median effective dose of 0.5 [0.5–1.1; 0.7] mSv, 3.4 [2.9–5.1; 3.6] mSv and 7.3 [3.2–21.0; 9.5] mSv, respectively. Over the five-year period examined, the total annual number of PET procedures (222.3%) as well as of examinations of thyroid (24.5%), skeleton (17.9%), and the cardiovascular system (14.9%) increased markedly, whereas a decrease was observed for brain (-39.3%), lung (-20.2%) and renal (-15.0%) scans. Conclusion: The age- and gender-specific data presented in this study provide detailed public health information on both the current status and recent trends in the practice of diagnostic nuclear medicine examinations.

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Bifurcation in a Simple Model of the Cardiovascular System

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1634285 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 118-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Akselrod ◽

S. Eyal

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Dynamics ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Fixed Point ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Modified Model ◽

Mayer Waves ◽

Sustained Oscillations ◽

Human Cardiovascular System ◽

Physiological Values

Abstract:A simple nonlinear beat-to-beat model of the human cardiovascular system has been studied. The model, introduced by DeBoer et al. was a simplified linearized version. We present a modified model which allows to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the cardiovascular system. We found that an increase in the -sympathetic gain, via a Hopf bifurcation, leads to sustained oscillations both in heart rate and blood pressure variables at about 0.1 Hz (Mayer waves). Similar oscillations were observed when increasing the -sympathetic gain or decreasing the vagal gain. Further changes of the gains, even beyond reasonable physiological values, did not reveal another bifurcation. The dynamics observed were thus either fixed point or limit cycle. Introducing respiration into the model showed entrainment between the respiration frequency and the Mayer waves.

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