Self-Organizing Neural Architectures for Eye Movements, Arm Movements, and Eye-Arm Coordination

1988 ◽  
pp. 197-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bullock ◽  
S. Grossberg
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Coordination ◽  
Self Organizing

Saccadic reaction times, eye-arm coordination and spontaneous eye movements in normal and MPTP- treated monkeys

1989 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schultz ◽  
R. Romo ◽  
E. Scarnati ◽  
E. Sundstr�m ◽  
G. Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times ◽  
Arm Coordination

Movement and Attention in Visual Working Memory

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Quinn ◽  
G. E. Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Spatial Code ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Per Se ◽  
A Performance

Three experiments that adopt an interference technique to investigate the involvement of movement in the production of a spatial code are described. Arm movements rather than the more commonly employed eye movements are used to provide initial information about the sorts of movements relevant to the code and to allow an empirical separation of the contributions of movement and attention. The results confirm the interference effects of incompatible movement on the generation of the spatial code and show that movement per se rather than attention to the movement can cause a performance decrement.

scholarly journals Arm Position Constraints During Pointing and Reaching in 3-D Space

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 660-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C.A.M. Gielen ◽  
E. J. Vrijenhoek ◽  
T. Flash ◽  
S.F.W. Neggers
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Pointing Movements ◽  
Rotation Vectors

Gielen, C.C.A.M., E. J. Vrijenhoek, T. Flash, and S.F.W. Neggers. Arm position constraints during pointing and reaching in 3-D space. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 660–673, 1997. Arm movements in 3-D space were studied to investigate the reduction in the number of rotational degrees of freedom in the shoulder and elbow during pointing movements with the fully extended arm and during pointing movements to targets in various directions and at various distances relative to the shoulder, requiring flexion/extension in the elbow. The postures of both the upper arm and forearm can be described by rotation vectors, which represent these postures as a rotation from a reference position to the current position. The rotation vectors describing the posture of the upper arm and forearm were found to lie in a 2-D (curved) surface both for pointing with the fully extended arm and for pointing with elbow flexion. This result generalizes on previous results on the reduction of the number of degrees of freedom from three to two in the shoulder for the fully extended arm to a similar reduction in the number of degrees of freedom for the upper arm and forearm for normal arm movements involving also elbow flexion and extension. The orientation of the 2-D surface fitted to the rotation vectors describing the position of the upper arm and forearm was the same for pointing with the extended arm and for movements with flexion/extension of the elbow. The scatter in torsion of the rotation vectors describing the position of the upper arm and forearm relative to the 2-D surface was typically 3–4°, which is small considering the range of ∼180 and 360° for torsional rotations of the upper arm and the forearm, respectively. Donders' law states that arm posture for pointing to a target does not depend on previous positions of the arm. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the upper arm violates Donders' law. However, the variations in torsion of the upper arm are small, typically a few degrees. These deviations from Donders' law have been overlooked in previous studies, presumably because the variations are relatively small. These variations may explain the larger scatter of the rotation vectors for arm movements (3–4°) than reported for the eye (1°). Unlike for saccadic eye movements, joint rotations in the shoulder during aiming movements were not all single-axis rotations. On the contrary, the direction of the angular velocity vector varied during the movement in a consistent and reproducible way, depending on amplitude, direction, and starting position of the movement. These results reveal several differences between arm movements during pointing and saccadic eye movements. The implications for our understanding of the coordination of eye and arm movements and for the planning of 3-D arm movements are discussed.

The influence of eye movements on the temporal features of executed and imagined arm movements

2008 ◽  
Vol 1187 ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Gueugneau ◽  
Lionel Crognier ◽  
Charalambos Papaxanthis
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Temporal Features

Motor Subcircuits Mediating the Control of Movement Extent and Speed

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3958-3966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Turner ◽  
Michel Desmurget ◽  
Jeff Grethe ◽  
Michael D. Crutcher ◽  
Scott T. Grafton
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Pursuit Tracking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Motor Control System ◽  
The Mean

The functional correlates of movement extent, speed, and covariates were investigated using PET mapping of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 13 healthy right-handed adults. A whole-arm smooth pursuit tracking task was used to strictly control potential confounds such as movement duration, error, and feedback control. During each of four scans, images of relative rCBF were obtained while subjects matched the constant velocity movements of a target using a joystick-controlled cursor. Between scans, subjects were completely adapted to one of four joystick-to-cursor gains, thereby allowing constant visual stimulation and eye movements across arm movements that ranged in extent from 6 to 24 cm. Subjects were unaware of the changes in visuomotor gain. Analyses of arm and eye movements indicated that the only significant difference in behavior across the four gain conditions was the extent and velocity of arm movements, which were closely correlated with each other. Parametric statistical methods identified brain areas where rCBF covaried with the mean movement extent of individual subjects during individual scans. Increasing movement extent was associated with parallel increases of rCBF in bilateral basal ganglia (BG; putamen and globus pallidus) and ipsilateral cerebellum. Modest extent effects were detected also in the sensorimotor cortices bilaterally. No significant inverse relations were found. We conclude that a small subcircuit within the motor control system contributes to the control of movement extent and covariates and that the BG and cerebellum play central roles in the operation of that circuit.

scholarly journals Structured control from self-organizing arm movements

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Fiedler ◽  
Georg Martius ◽  
Frank Hesse ◽  
J Michael Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movements ◽  
Self Organizing

scholarly journals Motor role of parietal cortex in a monkey model of hemispatial neglect

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (16) ◽  
pp. E2067-E2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kubanek ◽  
Jingfeng M. Li ◽  
Lawrence H. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Hemispatial Neglect ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Choice Making ◽  
Monkey Model ◽  
Choice Tasks

Parietal cortex is central to spatial cognition. Lesions of parietal cortex often lead to hemispatial neglect, an impairment of choices of targets in space. It has been unclear whether parietal cortex implements target choice at the general cognitive level, or whether parietal cortex subserves the choice of targets of particular actions. To address this question, monkeys engaged in choice tasks in two distinct action contexts—eye movements and arm movements. We placed focused reversible lesions into specific parietal circuits using the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and validated the lesion placement using MRI. We found that lesions on the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus [lateral intraparietal area (LIP)] specifically biased choices made using eye movements, whereas lesions on the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus [parietal reach region (PRR)] specifically biased choices made using arm movements. This double dissociation suggests that target choice is implemented in dedicated parietal circuits in the context of specific actions. This finding emphasizes a motor role of parietal cortex in spatial choice making and contributes to our understanding of hemispatial neglect.

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