A Fate Map of the Blastoderm

We have mapped the fate of cells in the Arabidopsis embryonic shoot apical meristem by irradiating seed and scoring the resulting clonally derived sectors. 176 white, yellow, pale green or variegated sectors were identified and scored for their position and extent in the resulting plants. Most sectors were confined to a fraction of a leaf, and only occasionally extended into the inflorescence. Sectors that extended into the inflorescence were larger, and usually encompassed about a third to a half of the inflorescence circumference. We also find that axillary buds in Arabidopsis are clonally related to the subtending leaf. Sections through the dry seed embryo indicate that the embryonic shoot apical meristem contains approximately 110 cells in the three meristematic layers prior to the formation of the first two leaf primordia. The histological analysis of cell number in the shoot apical meristem, in combination with the sector analysis have been used to construct a map of the probable fate of cells in the embryonic shoot apical meristem.

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The zygotic segmentation mutant tailless alters the blastoderm fate map of the Drosophila embryo

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/0012-1606(87)90310-1 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 464-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Paul A. Mahoney ◽

Judith A. Lengyel

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Embryo ◽

Fate Map ◽

Blastoderm Fate Map

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A new fate map forSalmo gairdneri

Journal of Experimental Zoology ◽

10.1002/jez.1401840105 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 184 (1) ◽

pp. 49-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

William W. Ballard

Keyword(s):

Fate Map

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Fate map of mouse ventral limb ectoderm and the apical ectodermal ridge

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.08.012 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 264 (1) ◽

pp. 166-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Qiuxia Guo ◽

Cynthia Loomis ◽

Alexandra L Joyner

Keyword(s):

Apical Ectodermal Ridge ◽

Fate Map

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The restrictive effect of early exposure to lithium upon body pattern in Xenopus development, studied by quantitative anatomy and immunofluorescence

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.102.1.85 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 85-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Cooke ◽

E.J. Smith

Keyword(s):

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Cell Number ◽

The Body ◽

General Nature ◽

Gene Products ◽

Fate Map ◽

Normal Pattern ◽

Quantitative Anatomy ◽

Body Pattern

We have carried out an anatomical study of Xenopus larval and gastrula stages resulting from treatment of synchronous early blastulae for brief periods with Li+. We confirm the proposal that such treatment causes a particular transformation, and partial elimination, of the normal body pattern. Coordinated restriction of pattern, without appreciable loss of cell number, is seen in all three germ layers. The distortion has been investigated by quantitative study of mesoderms at a standard stage, in relation to the normal fate map for mesoderm, and with the help of immunofluorescence on sections for somitic muscle and for blood. In the extreme syndrome, mesoderm arises from all around the blastula as usual, but is symmetrical and corresponds to that arising near the dorsal/anterior meridian of the normally specified egg or embryo with a large posterior subset of the normal pattern values thus missing. The effect is independent of any inhibition of archenteron formation or mesoderm migration (i.e. the cell mechanics of gastrulation) incurred by the treatment. It is also quite separate from a syndrome caused by more prolonged exposure to Li+ during gastrulation. A small, but distinctive, anterior pattern region is also not expressed and, anomalously in relation to their general nature, these forms differentiate considerable blood tissue. We consider the implications of some details of the pattern restriction for our understanding of interaction in the normal development and propose that the Li+ embryo is likely to be useful as a specific ‘differential screen’, in relation to the normal, during the search for those gene products that mediate initial regionalization of the body.

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Fate mapping of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, using localized UV irradiation of the egg at fertilization

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.120.10.2869 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 120 (10) ◽

pp. 2869-2877

Author(s):

M. Myohara

Keyword(s):

Bombyx Mori ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Fate Mapping ◽

Uv Laser ◽

Fate Map ◽

Laser Microbeam ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

Bombyx eggs at the fertilization stage (0-2 hours after oviposition) were irradiated with a scanning UV-laser microbeam (355 nm) over an area of about 1% of the total egg surface. In spite of absence of nuclei or cells at the irradiated sites, larvae from treated eggs showed localized cuticle defects in the integument. The location and frequency of the defects within the cuticular pattern correlated closely to the site of irradiation both in the anteroposterior and the dorsoventral direction. Based on the correlation, presumptive regions for each larval segment were located and a fate map of the Bombyx egg was established.

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A spinal cord fate map in the avian embryo: while regressing, Hensen's node lays down the notochord and floor plate thus joining the spinal cord lateral walls

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.122.9.2599 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 122 (9) ◽

pp. 2599-2610 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M. Catala ◽

M.A. Teillet ◽

E.M. De Robertis ◽

M.L. Le Douarin

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Primitive Streak ◽

Floor Plate ◽

Dorsal Side ◽

Avian Embryo ◽

Tail Bud ◽

Fate Map ◽

In Ovo ◽

Somite Stage ◽

Lateral Walls

The spinal cord of thoracic, lumbar and caudal levels is derived from a region designated as the sinus rhomboidalis in the 6-somite-stage embryo. Using quail/chick grafts performed in ovo, we show the following. (1) The floor plate and notochord derive from a common population of cells, located in Hensen's node, which is equivalent to the chordoneural hinge (CNH) as it was defined at the tail bud stage. (2) The lateral walls and the roof of the neural tube originate caudally and laterally to Hensen's node, during the regression of which the basal plate anlage is bisected by floor plate tissue. (3) Primary and secondary neurulations involve similar morphogenetic movements but, in contrast to primary neurulation, extensive bilateral cell mixing is observed on the dorsal side of the region of secondary neurulation. (4) The posterior midline of the sinus rhomboidalis gives rise to somitic mesoderm and not to spinal cord. Moreover, mesodermal progenitors are spatially arranged along the rest of the primitive streak, more caudal cells giving rise to more lateral embryonic structures. Together with the results reported in our study of tail bud development (Catala, M., Teillet, M.-A. and Le Douarin, N.M. (1995). Mech. Dev. 51, 51–65), these results show that the mechanisms that preside at axial elongation from the 6-somite stage onwards are fundamentally similar during the complete process of neurulation.

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Segmental origin and migration of neural crest cells in the hindbrain region of the chick embryo

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.113.4.1281 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 1281-1291 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

A. Lumsden ◽

N. Sprawson ◽

A. Graham

Keyword(s):

Chick Embryo ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Fate Map ◽

Membrane Probe ◽

Vital Dye ◽

Video Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Dye Analysis ◽

And Migration ◽

Neural Crest Migration ◽

Branchial Region

A vital dye analysis of cranial neural crest migration in the chick embryo has provided a positional fate map of greater resolution than has been possible using labelled graft techniques. Focal injections of the fluorescent membrane probe DiI were made into the cranial neural folds at stages between 3 and 16 somites. Groups of neuroepithelial cells, including the premigratory neural crest, were labelled by the vital dye. Analysis of whole-mount embryos after 1–2 days further development, using conventional and intensified video fluorescence microscopy, revealed the pathways of crest cells migrating from mesencephalic and rhombencephalic levels of the neuraxis into the subjacent branchial region. The patterns of crest emergence and emigration correlate with the segmented disposition of the rhombencephalon. Branchial arches 1, 2 and 3 are filled by crest cells migrating from rhombomeres 2, 4 and 6 respectively, in register with the cranial nerve entry/exit points in these segments. The three streams of ventrally migrating cells are separated by alternating regions, rhombomeres 3 and 5, which release no crest cells. Rostrally, rhombomere 1 and the caudal mesencephalon also contribute crest to the first arch, primarily to its upper (maxillary) component. Both r3 and r5 are associated with enhanced levels of cell death amongst cells of the dorsal midline, suggesting that crest may form at these levels but is then eliminated. Organisation of the branchial region is thus related by the dynamic process of neural crest immigration to the intrinsic mechanisms that segment the neuraxis.

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