Analysis of Lava Flow Effusion Rate Using High Spatial Resolution Infrared Data

2013 ◽  
pp. 391-408
Author(s):  
Valerio Lombardo ◽  
Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Effusion Rate ◽  
Infrared Data

scholarly journals Lava Flow Monitoring Using TET-1 Satellite

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 877-882
Author(s):  
K. Zakšek ◽  
E. Lorenz ◽  
M. Hort
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Stromboli Volcano ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Effusive Activity ◽  
Spectral Bands

Lava flow monitoring using satellites provides information on the temporal evolution of volcanic activity. It is usually done using metrological satellites because of the lack of more suitable satellites. The advantage of many meteorological satellites is the availability of appropriate spectral bands. For lava flow monitoring are most useful data in spectrum 3–4 μm (MIR) and 9–12 μm (TIR). However, the spatial resolution of meteorological satellites is usually very coarse causing uncertainties in results. Here we present the first long term satellite monitoring of an active lava flow on Stromboli volcano (end of August till the beginning of November 2014) in high spatial resolution (160 m) and relatively high temporal resolution (~3 days). We analysed data from a test satellite TET-1, which is a test satellite developed at DLR. It carries an instrument dedicated to monitoring of high temperature events. MIR band observations are often saturated at the meteorological satellites. This is not the case of TET-1, although their spatial resolution is very fine for a thermal sensor. TET-1 retrieved 27 datasets over Stromboli during its effusive activity. Some of images were cloudy situations, but most of them were very useful for monitoring of the lava flow radiant power.

Lava flow hazard of the 2018 Etna eruption: What happened and what could happen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bilotta ◽  
Sonia Calvari ◽  
Annalisa Cappello ◽  
Claudia Corradino ◽  
Ciro Del Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Thermal Flux ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Effusion Rate ◽  
Eruptive Fissure ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Lava Flow Field ◽  
Western Wall ◽  
Infrared Data

<p>On 24 December 2018 a flank eruption started on Etna from an eruptive fissure opened on the eastern side of the New Southeast Crater (NCSE) at about 3,100 m asl, which in few minutes, propagated to the south-east, overcoming the edge of the western wall of the Valle del Bove (VdB), reaching an altitude of 2,400 m asl and a total length of about 2 km. The eruption, which lasted only three days, produced lava flows from different vents along the eruptive fissure that reached a distance of about 4.2 km and covered an area of about 1 km2. The satellite monitoring of the 2018 Etna eruption was performed using the HOTSAT system using mid and thermal infrared data acquired by the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI), which provided minimum and maximum estimates for the lava thermal flux, the effusion rate and the lava volume. The SEVIRI-derived effusion rate estimates were used as input of the MAGFLOW model to simulate the actual lava flow field, obtaining a very good fit. We also simulated different eruptive scenarios assuming the lava emission wouldn’t run out in only three days to forecast if, when and how the lava flow could reach the inhabited areas, causing possible significant damage. </p>

Kīlauea -Leilani 2018 lava flow delineation by using Sentinel2 and Landsat8 images

2021 ◽  
pp. SP519-2020-118
Author(s):  
M. Musacchio ◽  
M. Silvestri ◽  
F. Rabuffi ◽  
M. F. Buongiorno ◽  
S. Falcone
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Lava Lake ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Kilauea Volcano ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Crater Floor ◽  
Kīlauea Volcano

AbstractKīlauea is a broad shield volcano built against the southeastern slope of Mauna Loa. The summit presently has a caldera that is roughly 4km by 3.2km wide, and walls of between 0 m and 120 m high. In late April 2018, an eruption interesting both the summit crater and the lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) occurred. In this work a quasi real time estimation of the evolution of radiant lava flow extension starting from May 2018 for Kīlauea -Leilani eruption using satellite image data is presented. The active lava flow evolution is obtained by using Copernicus Sentinel2 (S2) and USGS-Landsat8 (L8) polar satellites acquiring medium/high spatial resolution images (20mx20m and 30mx30m respectively) in the VIS-SWIR-TIR spectral range. Because of the Kīlauea eruption extension and duration, a multi sensor approach has been used in order to improve the timing of the information derived by high spatial resolution remote sensed data merging two missions with different revisit time. The 2018 eruptions at Hawaii's Kīlauea Volcano developed rapidly, after the initial activity centered on the Púu ′Ō′ō crater floor on 1 May followed by draining of the lava lake at Halemáumáu (HMM) Overlook Crater in the next days. During the magma extrusion from the summit, earthquake swarms and ground cracking hit the Leilani Estates neighborhood on 2 May. With the S2 and L8 sensors we followed the lava flow by 5th of May up to mid of August, considering also that the activity started to decline from the beginning of August. At the end of activity, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest LERZ eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years.

High spatial resolution AEM observations of yttrium segregation in chromia scales grown on Co-45%Cr

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
K. Przybylski ◽  
A. J. Garratt-Reed ◽  
G. J. Yurek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Reactive Elements ◽  
Chromia Scales

The addition of so-called “reactive” elements such as yttrium to alloys is known to enhance the protective nature of Cr2O3 or Al2O3 scales. However, the mechanism by which this enhancement is achieved remains unclear. An A.E.M. study has been performed of scales grown at 1000°C for 25 hr. in pure O2 on Co-45%Cr implanted at 70 keV with 2x1016 atoms/cm2 of yttrium. In the unoxidized alloys it was calculated that the maximum concentration of Y was 13.9 wt% at a depth of about 17 nm. SIMS results showed that in the scale the yttrium remained near the outer surface.

Integration of Core-Edge Spectroscopy Methods for the Study of Polymers

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
E. G. Rightor
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Core Electron ◽  
Bulk Solids ◽  
Development Application

Core edge spectroscopy methods are versatile tools for investigating a wide variety of materials. They can be used to probe the electronic states of materials in bulk solids, on surfaces, or in the gas phase. This family of methods involves promoting an inner shell (core) electron to an excited state and recording either the primary excitation or secondary decay of the excited state. The techniques are complimentary and have different strengths and limitations for studying challenging aspects of materials. The need to identify components in polymers or polymer blends at high spatial resolution has driven development, application, and integration of results from several of these methods.

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