Syntactic and Lexical Constraints on the Acquisition of Control in Complement Sentences

1986 ◽  
pp. 279-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Cohen Sherman ◽  
Barbara Lust
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Constraints

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (CALLS) TO HELP THE STUDENTS IN RECOGNIZING THE LEXICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STUDENTS TRANSLATION

JURNAL ELINK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Language Text

his study aims to describe the sorts of lexical constraints that appeared on the students translation when translating some source language texts into some target language texts. The competence of linguistic fields that the students have acquired is in the fact assumed to be inadequate and it can cause the lexical constraints.Keywords: CALLS, lexical constraints,source language text,target language text

Word learning in a special population: do individuals with Williams syndrome obey lexical constraints?

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
TASSOS STEVENS ◽  
ANNETTE KARMILOFF-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Fast Mapping ◽  
Mutual Exclusivity ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
New Words ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Lexical Constraints

Williams syndrome (WS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, is of special interest to developmental psycholinguists because of its uneven linguistico-cognitive profile of abilities and deficits. One proficiency manifest in WS adolescents and adults is an unusually large vocabulary despite serious deficits in other domains. In this paper, rather than focus on vocabulary size, we explore the processes underlying vocabulary acquisition, i.e. how new words are learned. A WS group was compared to groups of normal MA-matched controls in the range 3–9 years in four different experiments testing for constraints on word learning. We show that in construing the meaning of new words, normal children at all ages display fast mapping and abide by the constraints tested: mutual exclusivity, whole object and taxonomic. By contrast, while the WS group showed fast mapping and the mutual exclusivity constraint, they did not abide by the whole object or taxonomic constraints. This suggests that measuring only the size of WS vocabulary can distort conclusions about the normalcy of WS language. Our study shows that despite equivalent behaviour (i.e. vocabulary test age), the processes underlying how vocabulary is acquired in WS follow a somewhat different path from that of normal children and that the atypically developing brain is not necessarily a window on normal development.

Functional and anaphoric control

2019 ◽  
pp. 545-601
Author(s):  
Mary Dalrymple ◽  
John J. Lowe ◽  
Louise Mycock
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Lexical Constraints

This chapter explores the syntax and semantics of functional and anaphoric control, constructions in which either syntactic or lexical constraints require coreference between an argument of the matrix clause (the controller) and an argument of a subordinate or modifying adjunct clause (the controllee). Such cases include the classes of “raising” verbs (Section 15.2) and “equi” verbs (Section 15.4). Crosslinguistically, descriptions of such constructions involve reference to functional syntactic relations such as subject and object; therefore, the syntactic discussion in this chapter is primarily centered around the f-structures of functional and anaphoric control constructions. A detailed semantic analyses of functional and anaphoric control constructions is also presented, considering arbitrary, obligatory, and quasi-obligatory (partial) control relations, and a discussion of the syntax and semantics of control in adjuncts (Section 15.8).

scholarly journals Neural Machine Translation With Noisy Lexical Constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1864-1874
Author(s):  
Huayang Li ◽  
Guoping Huang ◽  
Deng Cai ◽  
Lemao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Lexical Constraints

scholarly journals The effect of lexical constraints on spontaneous stuttered speech

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koopmans ◽  
I. Slis ◽  
T. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Constraints

scholarly journals Joint Morphological and Syntactic Analysis for Richly Inflected Languages

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Bohnet ◽  
Joakim Nivre ◽  
Igor Boguslavsky ◽  
Richárd Farkas ◽  
Filip Ginter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Dependency Parsing ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Morphologically Rich Languages ◽  
Joint Prediction ◽  
Pipeline Model ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Speech Tagging

Joint morphological and syntactic analysis has been proposed as a way of improving parsing accuracy for richly inflected languages. Starting from a transition-based model for joint part-of-speech tagging and dependency parsing, we explore different ways of integrating morphological features into the model. We also investigate the use of rule-based morphological analyzers to provide hard or soft lexical constraints and the use of word clusters to tackle the sparsity of lexical features. Evaluation on five morphologically rich languages (Czech, Finnish, German, Hungarian, and Russian) shows consistent improvements in both morphological and syntactic accuracy for joint prediction over a pipeline model, with further improvements thanks to lexical constraints and word clusters. The final results improve the state of the art in dependency parsing for all languages.

scholarly journals Alignment-Enhanced Transformer for Constraining NMT with Pre-Specified Translations

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 8886-8893
Author(s):  
Kai Song ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Heng Yu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhongqiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Word Alignment ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Word Alignments ◽  
Lexical Constraints

We investigate the task of constraining NMT with pre-specified translations, which has practical significance for a number of research and industrial applications. Existing works impose pre-specified translations as lexical constraints during decoding, which are based on word alignments derived from target-to-source attention weights. However, multiple recent studies have found that word alignment derived from generic attention heads in the Transformer is unreliable. We address this problem by introducing a dedicated head in the multi-head Transformer architecture to capture external supervision signals. Results on five language pairs show that our method is highly effective in constraining NMT with pre-specified translations, consistently outperforming previous methods in translation quality.

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