The video feedback viewing in novice weightlifters: Total control strategy improves snatch technique during learning

This study aimed at comparing the efficiency of two viewing control strategies, total control versus partial control, in correcting the snatch technique in school-aged boys (10–12 years old). Thirty-nine participants, with 2 months of weightlifting training experience, were divided into three groups: total control, partial control, or a control group. The Kinovea version 0.8.15 software was used to measure the kinematic parameters of the snatch technique before (T0) and after six learning sessions (T1). Following the learning sessions, total control group showed greater improvements for all kinematic parameters compared with the partial control and control group (e.g., the horizontal displacement (i) in the first pull (Δ Dx2: 18.17 ± 26.75%, p < 0.01, d = 0.83), (ii) between the first and the second pulls (Δ DxV: 25.97 ± 18.02%, p < 0.001, d = 1.52) and from the most forward position to the catch position (Δ DxL: 19.98 ± 21.60%, p < 0.01, d = 1.36), while the partial group improved only on the Dx2 (Δ Dx2 = 21.53 ± 20.40%, p < 0.01, d = 0.86). The present results indicate that the intensive use of the interactive features (e.g. pause, play, forward, and backward) and the asked questions during the first learning phase were essential for the improvement of the snatch technique. These findings have potential practical implications for coaching and physical education teaching.

The Influence of the SWOT Analysis Strategy on the Achievement of the Fifth Preparatory Literary Class Students’ Evaluative Thinking at History

The present study aims to identify the influence of the SWOT analysis strategy on the achievement of the fifth preparatory literary class students’ evaluative thinking at history. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control of the experimental and control groups and the post-test to achieve the objectives of the present study. The researcher randomly chose Section (B) to represent the experimental group that It is taught according to the SWOT analysis strategy, and Section (A) to represent the control group that is taught according to the traditional method. The number of the two research groups reached (62) students, of which (31) students were in the experimental group and (31) students were in the control group. The two groups were equalized in the variables, including the chronological age, the achievement of the fourth class at history, and the evaluative thinking. The two research tools; the achievement test and its validity and reliability were verified. The evaluative thinking test and its psychometric properties were verified. The researcher used the t-test) For two independent samples for data processing. The results show the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in terms of achievement and evaluative thinking.

The Effect of Quranic Teaching Methods on Developing Teaching Skills among Students of Arabic Language Departments in the Faculties of Islamic Sciences

The aim of the present study is to identify the effect of Quranic teaching methods on the teaching skills of students of Arabic language departments in Islamic sciences faculties. The two researchers used the partial control experimental design for the control and experimental groups. In light of this design, the department of Arabic language at the University of Babylon was intentionally chosen as the research sample from the research community, which is represented by the faculties of Islamic sciences. The number of the research sample members reached (72) male and female students distributed between two populations (A, B), with (36) male and female students for each of the experimental group and the same for the control group. The two researchers prepared two tools for this research. They were represented by the achievement test in teaching skills consisting of (30) objective paragraphs of the type of multiple choice with three alternatives, and a note card. The experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2019-2020). After applying the research tool and analyzing the results obtained by the two researchers Using the (SPSS) program, the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who study according to the Quranic teaching methods over the students of the control group who study according to the usual method.

The Strategy of the double-entry magazines strategy on the achievement of literature and texts for the fifth literary grade female students

The current research aims to know the effect of the double-entry magazines strategy on the acquisition of literature and texts for fifth literary grade female students. To achieve this, the researcher chose Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa First Education Directorate / Balqis Preparatory School for Girls to be a field for applying the research experience. The researcher relied on the experimental design with partial control for two equal groups (experimental and control) with the post test for achievement. The experimental group and (28) controls in the control group. After the researcher identified the scientific material that she will study in the experiment, she formulated the behavioral objectives, and their number reached (60) behavioral objectives. The researcher was statistically rewarded between the two groups of the experiment (the study sample) using the T-test for two independent samples and the chi-square (K2), in the variables of chronological age calculated in months, the academic achievement of the parents, the intelligence test for (Raven), and the previous year's grades for the Arabic language. (fourth literary grade), before conducting the experiment, and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in these variables. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a test to measure the achievement of literature and texts, consisting of (30) test items, the validity of which was extracted by presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators, and to analyze the results, the researcher used the T-test to treat the results of the experiment statistically. At the end of the experiment, the researcher concluded that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in achievement, and the differences were statistically significant between the students of the two groups (experimental and control), and in favor of the experimental group at the level of significance (0.05).

The effect of Merle-Tenson and Klosmayr educational models on the acquisition of scientific concepts in science for fourth graders of primary school

The current research aims to know the effect of Merle Tenson - and Clausmayer educational models on the acquisition of concepts by primary school students in the science subject for the fourth grade of primary school. The researcher adopted the experimental method with partial control for two experimental groups and a control group. The researcher chose Al-Faraged Primary School for Girls located in Baghdad - Al-Rusafa Third. The sample of the research was 92 students, with 30 students in the first experimental group who studied according to the Merle Tenson model, 31 students in the second experimental group who studied according to the Clausmeier model, 31 students in the control group that studied in the traditional way. The researcher was statistically rewarded in some variables, including (parents' academic achievement and intelligence test). The researcher formulated 40 behavioral objectives for the subjects studied during the experiment. As for the research tool, the researcher prepared a test of acquiring scientific concepts, as the number of its paragraphs reached (40) paragraphs of a type of multiple choice in light of the acquisition of the three basic elements of the concept, namely (definition - discrimination - application). Experiment with the three research groups. The research resulted in a set of results, including the superiority of the two experimental groups using the Merle Tenson and Clausemyr educational models over the control group that studied the same subject in the traditional way. In light of the results, the researcher made a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions. Keywords : acquisition, concepts.

Atypical functioning of female genitalia explains monandry in a butterfly

Monandrous species are rare in nature, especially in animals where males transfer nutrients to females in the ejaculate. The proximate mechanisms responsible for monandry are poorly studied. In butterflies and moths, the male transfers a nutritious spermatophore into the corpus bursae (CB) of the female. The CB is a multifunctional organ that digests the spermatophore and has partial control of the post-mating sexual receptivity of the female. The spermatophore distends the CB and the post-mating sexual receptivity of the female is inversely proportional to the degree of distension. The CB of many butterfly species has a muscular sheath whose contractions mechanically contribute to digest the spermatophore. As the contents of the CB are absorbed, the degree of distension decreases and the female recovers receptivity. We studied the monandrous butterfly Leptophobia aripa (Boisduval, 1836) (Pieridae) and found that females do not digest the spermatophores. We investigated the structure of the CB and found that a muscular sheath is absent, indicating that in this butterfly females lack the necessary “apparatus” for the mechanical digestion of the spermatophore. We propose that female monandry in this species is result of its incapability to mechanically digest the spermatophore, which results in a constant degree of CB distension after mating and, thus, in the maintenance of the sexually unreceptive state of females. Hypotheses on the evolution of this mechanism are discussed.

the effect of Needham’s Constructive Model on the achievement of the 2nd year intermediate students in Mathematics and their attitudes towards it

The study aims to identify the effect of Needham’s Constructive Model on the achievement of the 2nd year intermediate students in Mathematics and their attitudes towards it. The researchers used the experimental design of partial control for the control and experimental groups. The study sample is 68 students, where the experimental group is 34 students, and the control group is (34) students. The researchers prepared two scales as achievement test, which include (30) multiple choice items. Items psychometric properties and statistical analysis have been got, and a scale of attitudes towards mathematics that includes (30) items with three alternatives. Items reliability, validity, discrimination coefficients are got. The two groups were rewarded in the variables of age and previous achievement in mathematics, IQ test and attitudes scale. After applying the experiment and the two study tools on the study sample, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in favour of the experimental group in achievement and attitude towards mathematics. Key words: Needham’s model attitudes toword mathematics

Cross-Coupling as a Key Step in the Synthesis and Structure Revision of the Natural Products Selagibenzophenones A and B

Selagibenzophenone A (1) and its isomer selagibenzophenone B (2) were recently described as natural products from Selaginella genus plants with PDE4 inhibitory activity. Herein, we report the first total syntheses of both compounds. By comparing spectroscopic data of the synthetic compounds with reported data for the isolated material, we demonstrate that the structure of one of the two natural products was incorrectly assigned, and that in fact isolated selagibenzophenone A and selagibenzophenone B are identical compounds. The synthetic strategy for both 1 and 2 is based on a cross-coupling reaction and on the addition of organometallic species to assemble the framework of the molecules. Identifying a suitable starting material with the correct substitution pattern is crucial because its pattern is reflected in that of the targeted compounds. These syntheses are finalized via global deprotection. Protecting the phenols as methoxy groups provides the possibility for partial control over the selectivity in the demethylation thanks to differences in the reactivity of the various methoxy groups. Our findings may help in future syntheses of derivatives of the biologically active natural product and in understanding the structure–activity relationship.

Duality of control in gerundive complements of P

Sentences like They tricked him into believing them and They charged him with abandoning them raise interesting issues for selection and control. We show that these two sentences exemplify two distinct classes, subsuming P-gerund constructions that are formed with seven distinct prepositions: implicative vs. nonimplicative constructions. The first class displays a cluster of restrictions, both syntactic and semantic, which are absent from the second class: It resists partial control or embedded lexical subjects, and it bans object drop and movement of the P-gerund phrase. The existence of these two classes, as well as their empirical profiles, follow from Landau’s (2015) theory of control and challenge alternative approaches.