Lowering the Cost of Emission Reduction: Joint Implementation in the Framework Convention on Climate Change

Abstract The agriculture and food sectors contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. About 15 percent of food-related carbon emissions are channeled through restaurants. Using a contingent valuation (CV) method with double-bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) questions, this article investigates U.S. consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an optional restaurant surcharge in support of carbon emission reduction programs. The mean estimated WTP for a surcharge is 6.05 percent of an average restaurant check, while the median WTP is 3.64 percent. Our results show that individuals have a higher WTP when the surcharge is automatically added to restaurant checks. We also find that an information nudge—a short climate change script—significantly increases WTP. Additionally, our results demonstrate that there is heterogeneity in treatment effects across consumers’ age, environmental awareness, and economic views. Our findings suggest that a surcharge program could transfer a meaningful amount of the agricultural carbon reduction burden to consumers that farmers currently shoulder.

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Wave-Powered Desalination

ASME 2015 Power Conference ◽

10.1115/power2015-49087 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Stiber ◽

Asfaw Beyene

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Population Growth ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Specific Region ◽

Wave Power ◽

Wave Energy Conversion ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Sustainable Resources ◽

Modeling Software ◽

The Cost

Climate change, drought, population growth and increased energy and water costs are all forces driving exploration into alternative, sustainable resources. The abundance of untapped wave energy often presents an opportunity for research into exploiting this resource to meet the energy and water needs of populated coastal regions. This paper investigates the potential and impact of harnessing wave energy for the purpose of seawater desalination. First the SWAN wave modeling software was used to evaluate the size and character of the wave resource. These data are used to estimate the cost of water for wave-powered desalination taking a specific region as a case example. The results indicate that, although the cost of water from this technology is not economically competitive at this time, the large available resource confirms the viability of significantly supplementing current freshwater supplies. The results also confirm that research into the feasibility of wave power as a source of energy and water in the area is warranted, particularly as water and energy become more scarce and expensive coinciding with the maturity of commercial wave energy conversion.

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A Cost Benefit Analysis for Distribution of Threatened Species Based on Climate Change

10.21203/rs.3.rs-997914/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Nandhi Kesavan ◽

Latha K

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Endangered Species ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Species Traits ◽

Ecological Traits ◽

Species List ◽

Critically Endangered Species ◽

Reptile Species ◽

The Cost

Abstract Among all the threats to global diversity, climate change is the most severe cause. According to the world’s biodiversity conservation organization, reptile species are affected mostly because the biological and ecological traits of the reptiles are strongly linked with climate. To prevent species extinction, we tried to develop a decision support system that incurs the costs and benefits of reintroducing a taxon from its origin to adapt environmental conditions to conserve it from its extinction. The model was developed by applying multiple linear regressions that take the climatic variables and species traits to determine the cost and benefits for the distribution of species. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated by applying it to the Indian Black Turtle, which is an endangered species list in India evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature list. The model recommends moving the species, which is endangered, to the location where it can save itself from climate change. However, the framework demonstrates huge differences in the estimated significance of climate change, and the model strategy helps to recognize the probable risk of increased revelation to critically endangered species.

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Reappraisal of the Climate Change Challenge in the Congo Basin and Implications for the Cost of Adaptation

Environment and Natural Resources Research ◽

10.5539/enrr.v5n3p80 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ernest L. Molua

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Congo Basin ◽

The Cost

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The Finnish Climate Change Act: Architecture, Functions, and Challenges

Climate Law ◽

10.1163/18786561-00404006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3-4) ◽

pp. 301-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ismo Pölönen

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Policy ◽

Policy Making ◽

Dynamic Features ◽

Policy Choices ◽

Legal Implications ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Term Energy ◽

Public Scrutiny ◽

The Cost

The article examines the key features and functions of the proposed Finnish Climate Change Act (fcca). It also analyses the legal implications of the Act and the qualities and factors which may limit its effectiveness. The paper argues that, despite its weak legal implications, the fcca would provide the regulatory preconditions for higher-quality climate policy-making in Finland, and it has the capacity to play an important role in national climate policy. The fcca would deliver regulatory foundations for systematic and integrated climate policy-making, also enabling wide public scrutiny. The proposed model leaves room for manifold climate-policy choices in varying societal and economical contexts. The cost of dynamic features is the relalow predictability in terms of sectorial paths on emission reductions. Another relevant challenge relates to the intended preparation of overlapping mid-term energy and climate plans with instruments of the fcca.

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Knowledge Sharing Strategy and Emission Reduction Benefits of Low Carbon Technology Collaborative Innovation in the Green Supply Chain

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.783835 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Fuqiang Wang ◽

Huimin Li ◽

Yongchao Cao ◽

Chengyi Zhang ◽

Yunlong Ran

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Cost Sharing ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Green Supply Chain ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Knowledge Stock ◽

Effort Level ◽

The Cost

Knowledge sharing (KS) in the green supply chain (GSC) is jointly determined by the KS efforts of suppliers and manufacturers. This study uses the differential game method to explore the dynamic strategy of KS and the benefits of emission reduction in the process of low carbon (LC) technology in the GSC. The optimal trajectory of the knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits of suppliers and manufacturers under different strategies are obtained. The validity of the model and the results are verified by numerical simulation analysis, and the sensitivity analysis of the main parameters in the case of collaborative sharing is carried out. The results show that in the case of centralized decision-making, the KS efforts of suppliers and manufacturers are the highest, and the knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits of GSC are also the best. The cost-sharing mechanism can realize the Pareto improvement of GSC’s knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits, but the cost-sharing mechanism can only increase the supplier’s KS effort level. In addition, this study found that the price of carbon trading and the rate of knowledge decay have a significant impact on KS. The study provides a theoretical basis for promoting KS in the GSC and LC technology innovation.

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Widespread variation in heat tolerance and symbiont load are associated with growth tradeoffs in the coral Acropora hyacinthus in Palau

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.64790 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Brendan Cornwell ◽

Katrina Armstrong ◽

Nia S Walker ◽

Marilla Lippert ◽

Victor Nestor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Large Scale ◽

Habitat Restoration ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Coral Reef Resilience ◽

The Face ◽

Lower Growth Rate ◽

Acropora Hyacinthus ◽

The Cost

Climate change is dramatically changing ecosystem composition and productivity, leading scientists to consider the best approaches to map natural resistance and foster ecosystem resilience in the face of these changes. Here we present results from a large-scale experimental assessment of coral bleaching resistance, a critical trait for coral population persistence as oceans warm, in 221 colonies of the coral Acropora hyacinthus across 37 reefs in Palau. We find that bleaching resistant individuals inhabit most reefs but are found more often in warmer microhabitats. Our survey also found wide variation in symbiont concentration among colonies, and that colonies with lower symbiont load tended to be more bleaching resistant. By contrast, our data show that low symbiont load comes at the cost of lower growth rate, a tradeoff that may operate widely among corals across environments. Corals with high bleaching resistance have been suggested as a source for habitat restoration or selective breeding in order to increase coral reef resilience to climate change. Our maps show where these resilience corals can be found, but the existence of tradeoffs with heat resistance may suggest caution in unilateral use of this one trait in restoration.

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