Representing and Completing Lattices by Propositions of Cover Systems

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of anthropic activities on the effective precipitation (eP) and soil loss in watersheds under different land uses in a tropical dry forest region. The experimental area was located in the central part of the State of Ceará, Brazil. The land uses evaluated were: fallow Caatinga (FC), thinned Caatinga (TC) and deforested Caatinga followed by a burning procedure and pasture cultivation (DBP). The areas were monitored in the rainy season (January to May, 2010), when 57 natural rainfalls occurred, totaling 941 mm of precipitation. The eP and sediment productions were quantified by the sum of all occurrences during the study period, and the soil loss was represented by suspended and dragged sediments. The eP was 15.13 mm and sediment produced was 167.81 kg ha-1 in FC conditions. The eP values was smaller (11.28 mm) in the watershed with TC, which had soil loss sum of 42.04 kg ha-1. The largest annual eP was found in the DBP area, with 112.88 mm yr-1 of accumulated water depth, which also showed the greater annual soil loss (3114.97 kg ha-1). The greatest interference of plant cover in the two variables evaluated occurred in the first precipitation events, when the plants were not yet fully developed.

Download Full-text

Seismic stability analyses of reinforced tapered landfill cover systems considering seepage forces

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x18757628 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 361-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Afshin Khoshand ◽

Ali Fathi ◽

Milad Zoghi ◽

Hamidreza Kamalan

Keyword(s):

Parametric Study ◽

Limit Equilibrium ◽

Practical Method ◽

Seismic Stability ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Cover System ◽

Landfill Cover ◽

Cover Systems ◽

Landfill Cover System ◽

The Stability

One of the most common and economical methods for waste disposal is landfilling. The landfill cover system is one of the main components of landfills which prevents waste exposure to the environment by creating a barrier between the waste and the surrounding environment. The stability and integrity of the landfill cover system is a fundamental part of the design, construction, and maintenance of landfills. A reinforced tapered landfill cover system can be considered as a practical method for improving its stability; however, the simultaneous effects of seismic and seepage forces in the reinforced tapered landfill cover system have not been studied. The current paper provides a solution based on the limit equilibrium method in order to evaluate the stability of a reinforced tapered landfill cover system under seismic and seepage (both horizontal and parallel seepage force patterns) loading conditions. The proposed analytical approach is applied to different design cases through parametric study and the obtained results are compared to those derived from literature. Parametric study is performed to illustrate the sensitivity of the safety factor (FS) to the different design parameters. The obtained results reveal that parameters which describe the geometry have limited effects on the stability of the landfill cover system in comparison to the rest of the studied design parameters. Moreover, the comparisons between the derived results and available methods demonstrate good agreement between obtained findings with those reported in the literature.

Download Full-text

“QUANTUM JUMPS” AND INDISTINGUISHABILITY

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732389002070 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 04 (19) ◽

pp. 1839-1845 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

ADRIAN KENT

Keyword(s):

Quantum Mechanics ◽

Relativistic Quantum ◽

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Quantum Jumps ◽

Cover Systems

Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber have presented a statistical modification of non-relativistic quantum mechanics which unifies the description of microscopic and macroscopic systems of distinct particles. We revise their proposal to cover systems of indistinguishable particles. Testable, mathematically precise, realist models of non-relativistic physics result. We give empirically derived bounds on the model parameters.

Download Full-text