The Expansion of the Members of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Before and After the Cultural Revolution

It comes as no surprise to current visitors to China that their hosts place great emphasis on the accomplishments of the Cultural Revolution. While production increases and improvements in living conditions are repeatedly cited, the basic change is spiritual – before the Cultural Revolution, elitist and selfish attitudes were allegedly widespread; since the Revolution, a new commitment to the common good by cadres and masses alike has purportedly enriched Chinese life. This preoccupation with the Cultural Revolution stems from more than a need to justify past upheavals, it reflects an ongoing debate over the realization of goals sanctified by that movement. The twin efforts of rebuilding the system and institutionalizing Cultural Revolution reforms have apparently caused deep misgivings on the part of some leaders who see a thinly disguised effort to “restore the old.” Thus the question of how China has changed since 1965 is of current policy relevance as well as intrinsic scholarly interest.

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The Development of Marxist Shakespearean Criticism in China

Multicultural Shakespeare ◽

10.18778/2083-8530.20.08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (35) ◽

pp. 99-113

Author(s):

Wei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Literary Criticism ◽

Cultural Revolution ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Left Wing ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Before And After ◽

Revolutionary Literature ◽

Bian Zhilin ◽

The Cultural Revolution

Chinese Shakespearean criticism from Marxist perspectives is highly original in Chinese Shakespeare studies. Scholars such as Mao Dun, Yang Hui, Zhao Li, Fang Ping, Yang Zhouhan, Bian Zhilin, Meng Xianqiang, Sun Jiaxiu, Zhang Siyang and Wang Yuanhua adopt the basic principles and methods of Marxism to elaborate on Shakespeare’s works and have made great achievements. With ideas changed in different political climates, they have engaged in Shakespeare studies for over eight decades since the 1930s. At the beginning of the revolutionary age, they advocated revolutionary literature, followed Russian Shakespearean criticism from the Marxist perspective, and established the mode of class analysis and highlighted realism. Before and after the Cultural Revolution, they were concerned about class, reality and people. They also showed the “left-wing” inclination, taking literature as a tool to serve politics. Since the 1980s, they have been free from politics and entered the pure academic realm, analysing Shakespearean dramas with Marxist aesthetic theories and transforming from sociological criticism to literary criticism.

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A Study on the Transformation of the Concept of Marxism and Socialism Before and After the end of the “Cultural Revolution”

The Journal of Modern China Studies ◽

10.35820/jmcs.23.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-35

Author(s):

Kyunghoon Pi

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

Before And After ◽

The Cultural Revolution

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No cultural revolution? Continuity and change in consumption patterns in contemporary China

Journal of Consumer Culture ◽

10.1177/1469540515611201 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 639-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Weiwei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Cultural Revolution ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Traditional Values ◽

Chinese Consumers ◽

Economic Decision Making ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact ◽

Opening Up ◽

The Cultural Revolution

One globalization paradigm argues that developing countries will increasingly resemble Western societies. Although influenced by Western trends, I argue that global consumerism will not make most Chinese abandon traditional values and adopt a different and totally Western consumer culture. This article, which is based on empirical evidence, stresses the role of culture and how it affects people’s strategies toward economic decision-making. I explore the changing values before and after the opening up policy, and how they influenced consumption patterns in different eras. The Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) in China was a campaign designed to pursue a purer form of communism and led to a distinctive set of cultural values and ideologies, resulting in unique consumption patterns. “Status goods” during this period were based on a person’s “revolutionary background” and loyalty to Chairman Mao, rather than on individual consumption preferences. After the opening up policy, consumer behavior moved closer to the patterns found in Western capitalist societies, but the mechanisms that drive this consumption are quite different. Chinese traditional values were challenged but did not disappear, and the impact of the Cultural Revolution also had a profound influence on those who lived through it. Contemporary Chinese consumers selectively choose certain cultural values from a range of options in order to legitimize their spending decisions.

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A Bridge to the World

Annual Review of Plant Biology ◽

10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 1-38

Author(s):

Zhi-Hong Xu

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Vice President ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Plant Physiologist ◽

Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽

Peking University ◽

National University ◽

Fast Development ◽

Academy Of Sciences

Zhi-Hong Xu is a plant physiologist who studied botany at Peking University (1959–1965). He joined the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology (SIPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), as a graduate student in 1965. He recalls what has happened for the institute, during the Cultural Revolution, and he witnessed the spring of science eventually coming to China. Xu was a visiting scholar at the John Innes Institute and in the Department of Botany at Nottingham University in the United Kingdom (1979–1981). He became deputy director of SIPP in 1983 and director in 1991; he also chaired the State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics SIPP (1988–1996). He worked as a visiting scientist in the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, for three months each year (1989–1992). He served as vice president of CAS (1992–2002) and as president of Peking University (1999–2008). Over these periods he was heavily involved in the design and implementation of major scientific projects in life sciences and agriculture in China. He is an academician of CAS and member of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World. His scientific contributions mainly cover plant tissue culture, hormone mechanism in development, as well as plant developmental response to environment. Xu, as a scientist and leader who has made an impact in the community, called up a lot of excellent young scientists returning to China. His efforts have promoted the fast development of China's plant and agricultural sciences.

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