Corpuscular Models of Information Transfer in a Random Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-170
Author(s):  
V. V. Uchaikin
Keyword(s):  
Random Environment ◽  
Information Transfer

Determination of the Best Emulsion for the Microscopy of Crystals

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
David A. Grano ◽  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Noise Ratio

The retrieval of high-resolution information from images of biological crystals depends, in part, on the use of the correct photographic emulsion. We have been investigating the information transfer properties of twelve emulsions with a view toward 1) characterizing the emulsions by a few, measurable quantities, and 2) identifying the “best” emulsion of those we have studied for use in any given experimental situation. Because our interests lie in the examination of crystalline specimens, we've chosen to evaluate an emulsion's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of spatial frequency and use this as our critereon for determining the best emulsion.The signal-to-noise ratio in frequency space depends on several factors. First, the signal depends on the speed of the emulsion and its modulation transfer function (MTF). By procedures outlined in, MTF's have been found for all the emulsions tested and can be fit by an analytic expression 1/(1+(S/S0)2). Figure 1 shows the experimental data and fitted curve for an emulsion with a better than average MTF. A single parameter, the spatial frequency at which the transfer falls to 50% (S0), characterizes this curve.

Ultimate resolution and information in electron microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
D. Van Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Information Rate ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Imaging Device

An (electron) microscope can be considered as a communication channel that transfers structural information between an object and an observer. In electron microscopy this information is carried by electrons. According to the theory of Shannon the maximal information rate (or capacity) of a communication channel is given by C = B log2 (1 + S/N) bits/sec., where B is the band width, and S and N the average signal power, respectively noise power at the output. We will now apply to study the information transfer in an electron microscope. For simplicity we will assume the object and the image to be onedimensional (the results can straightforwardly be generalized). An imaging device can be characterized by its transfer function, which describes the magnitude with which a spatial frequency g is transferred through the device, n is the noise. Usually, the resolution of the instrument ᑭ is defined from the cut-off 1/ᑭ beyond which no spadal information is transferred.

What Is Left Is Right

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hugdahl ◽  
René Westerhausen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Evolution Of Speech

The present paper is based on a talk on hemispheric asymmetry given by Kenneth Hugdahl at the Xth European Congress of Psychology, Praha July 2007. Here, we propose that hemispheric asymmetry evolved because of a left hemisphere speech processing specialization. The evolution of speech and the need for air-based communication necessitated division of labor between the hemispheres in order to avoid having duplicate copies in both hemispheres that would increase processing redundancy. It is argued that the neuronal basis of this labor division is the structural asymmetry observed in the peri-Sylvian region in the posterior part of the temporal lobe, with a left larger than right planum temporale area. This is the only example where a structural, or anatomical, asymmetry matches a corresponding functional asymmetry. The increase in gray matter volume in the left planum temporale area corresponds to a functional asymmetry of speech processing, as indexed from both behavioral, dichotic listening, and functional neuroimaging studies. The functional anatomy of the corpus callosum also supports such a view, with regional specificity of information transfer between the hemispheres.

Information transfer in iconic memory experiments.

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl R. Gegenfurtner ◽  
George Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Iconic Memory

A distributed cognition approach to understanding information transfer in mission critical domains

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse P. Gurses ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Paul Gorman ◽  
Brian Hazlehurst ◽  
Grant Bochicchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Mission Critical

Driven periodic structures in random environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR10) ◽  
pp. Pr10-85-Pr10-87
Author(s):  
V. M. Vinokur
Keyword(s):  
Random Environment ◽  
Periodic Structures

Driven elastic system in a random environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR10) ◽  
pp. Pr10-69-Pr10-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chauve ◽  
T. Giamarchi ◽  
P. Le Doussal
Keyword(s):  
Random Environment ◽  
Elastic System

Controlling Through-Space and Through-Bond Exchange Pathways in Bis-Cobaltocenes for Molecular Spintronics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Puhl ◽  
Torben Steenbock ◽  
Carmen Herrmann ◽  
Jürgen Heck
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Spin Coupling ◽  
Molecular Spintronics ◽  
Pathways Analysis ◽  
Chemical Strain

Pinching molecules via chemical strain suggests intuitive consequences, such as compression at the pinched site, and clothespin-like opening of other parts of the structure. If this opening affects two spin centers, it should result in reduced communication between them. We show that for a naphthalene-bridged biscobaltocenes with competing through-space and through-bond pathways, the consequences of pinching are far less intuitive: despite the known dominance of through-space interactions, the bridge plays a much larger role for exchange spin coupling than previously assumed. Based on a combination of chemical synthesis, structural, magnetic and redox characterization, and a newly developed first-principles theoretical pathways analysis, we can suggest a comprehensive explanation for this nonintuitive behavior. These results are of interest for molecular spintronics, as naphthalene-linked cobaltocenes can form wires on surfaces for potential spin-only information transfer.

NATURAL SCIENTISTS AND RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC FILMMAKING IN THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (SCIENCE DIVISION OF THE A.A. KHANZHONKOV COMPANY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368
Author(s):  
YEVGENIY ALEKSANDROV
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Future System ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The aim of the article is to recall the fi steps of comprehension by the scientific community of possibilities of a newly born means of the reality reflection. The means was initially oriented for obtaining reliable information and supposing a delayed reaction of the spectator in the process of communication. Recollection and understanding become more important under the distance education condition. Pre-revolutionary Russia lived anticipating changes, and the filmmaking was considered by the society as one of those progressive phenomena evidencing the coming of a new age. The scientists’ activity during the development of scientific fi in pre-revolutionary Russia was long hushed up and wasn’t considered as forming a basis for the future system of educational audio-visual communication. In this process there participated striking, creative personalities, mostly belonged to the community of Imperial Moscow University, which activity was during the age of changes. The significant contribution of pleiad of eminent scientists’ activity to the new direction formation was a reason to unify in one paper both their whole professional life data and information about their time-limited period of scientific fi In the future a more profound study of their achievements are considered to be promising. In the introduction the anterior period of the Russian fi appearance, where the scientific and education community of Russia was exploring the possibilities of a new means of information transfer for education purposes, is considered. Two main units are dedicated to the role of scientists in the development of scientific filmmaking for research and popularization of biomedical and physical problems.

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