T-DNA rearrangements due to tissue culture: somaclonal variation in crown gall tissues

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rindert Peerbolte ◽  
Piet Ruigrok ◽  
George Wullems ◽  
Rob Schilperoort
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Crown Gall ◽  
Dna Rearrangements

Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation in tomato detected by a GACA-containing microsatellite probe and by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rus-Kortekaas ◽  
M. J. M. Smulders ◽  
P. Arens ◽  
B. Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Simple Sequence

In this study, a direct comparison was made of the ability of four selected random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and a GACA-containing microsatellite probe to detect genetic variation in Lycopersicon. Of the 89 RAPD primers initially tested, 85 showed differences between a representative of Lycopersicon pennellii and L. esculentum, but only 4 distinguished among three L. esculentum cultivars. These four primers were subsequently tested on representatives of six Lycopersicon species. In pairwise comparisons of species, all or 14 of the 15 combinations could be distinguished by single primers. When the primers were tested on 15 L. esculentum cultivars, 90 of the 105 combinations could be distinguished by the four primers together. Finally, none of 118 tested primers showed reproducible differences among calli or progeny of régénérants from tissue culture, although some of the plants had inherited morphological mutations. The probe pWVA16, which detects GACA-containing microsatellites, could distinguish in TaqI-digested DNA the representatives of Lycopersicon species as well as all the L. esculentum cultivars tested. The probe was unable to detect polymorphisms among calli and the progeny of regenerants from tissue culture. An analysis of the results showed that the four selected RAPD primers were able to detect polymorphic bands among species at a frequency of 80%, and among cultivars at a frequency of 44%. In contrast, the microsatellite probe detected polymorphic bands at a frequency of 100 and 95%, respectively. The GACA-containing probe did not detect any common bands among the representatives of the six species, while band sharing with RAPDs was 48%. These results indicate that the two methods detect two types of DNA that differ in their degree of variability.Key words: DNA fingerprint, RAPD, simple sequence, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

scholarly journals Tissue culture-induced somaclonal variation of decreased pollen viability in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShuLan Sun ◽  
JianQiang Zhong ◽  
ShuHua Li ◽  
XiaoJing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Torenia Fournieri

Somaclonal Variation in Sugarcane Through Tissue Culture and Subsequent Screening for Salt Tolerance

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Jehan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ayyaz Khan . ◽  
Haji Khalil Ahmad . ◽  
Rahm Din Khan . ◽  
Yusuf Zafar .
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Somaclonal Variation

Paucity of somaclonal variation from immature embryo culture of barley

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Luckett ◽  
D Rose ◽  
E Knights
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Golden Promise ◽  
Immature Embryo Culture ◽  
Tissue Origin ◽  
Regenerant Plants

Intact immature embryos of barley (cv. Golden Promise) and component tissues (the scutellum and embryonic axis) were cultured to produce callus. Regenerant plants were obtained from this callus and SC2 families raised. These families were examined in a field trial to search for somaclonal variation. No obvious variants were found confirming our previous unpublished results. The lack of somaclonal variation generated by barley tissue culture (which is in contrast to other species) was not a result of the tissue origin of the regeneration event.

Cytogenetic abnormalities of cotton somaclones from callus cultures

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Stelly ◽  
D. W. Altman ◽  
R. J. Kohel ◽  
T. S. Rangan ◽  
E. Commiskey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Metaphase I

Somaclonal variation occurs among regenerants from tissue culture of many plant species. Our objective was to determine whether cytogenetic variation contributes to somaclonal variation in cotton (Gossyptum hirsutum L.,2n = 4x = 52). Of 117 somaclones of cotton regenerated from 18-month-old callus cultures of 'SJ-2' and 'SJ-5' cultivars, 35 were analyzed for meiotic abnormalities. The population of somaclones was extremely varied in phenotype, most plants being strikingly aberrant in phenotype. Fertility was generally poor: 84% failed to set bolls and only 5% set 10 or more bolls in a field environment. Only one of the somaclones (3%) formed 26 bivalents at metaphase I. Fourteen were nonsynaptic to partially synaptic at metaphase I. Synaptic abnormalities impaired fertility and precluded thorough metaphase analysis. Chromosome numbers obtained for 32 plants ranged from 49 to 53, and only 1 plant was hyperaneuploid. No plant was polyploid. Chromosomal abnormalities in plants with normal metaphase pairing included univalents, unequal bivalents, rod bivalents, trivalents, open quadrivalents, and centric fragments. Seventeen hypoaneuploid plants formed a V-shaped trivalent at metaphase I, constituting a high frequency of tertiary monosomy. The high frequencies of aneuploidy and tertiary monosomy indicate that cytogenetic anomalies are a major source of somaclonal variation in cotton. It is hypothesized that (i) primary cytogenetic events during cotton cell culture give rise to breakage – fusion – bridge (BFB) cycles, (ii) BFB cycles accrue during culture, (iii) BFB cycles cause loss of chromatin, and (iv) BFB cycles are resolved by the formation of stable tertiary chromosomes with mono-centric activity. The hypothesis accounts mechanistically for the coincidence of chromatin deficiencies and chromatin exchange involved implicitly in tertiary monosomy, as well as for the relatively high frequency of tertiary monosomy among somaclones.Key words: aneuploid, monosomic, synaptic, sterility, Gossypium.

Relative stability among barley plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karp ◽  
S. H. Steele ◽  
S. Parmar ◽  
M. G. K. Jones ◽  
P. R. Shewry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Spacer Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Sds Page

Relative genetic stability was observed among barley plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos. Regenerated plants were studied cytologically and their seed progenies assayed for (i) the isoenzymes esterase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, (ii) ribosomal DNA spacer length polymorphism, and (iii) hordein patterns on SDS–PAGE. Of 42 regenerated plants, 1 regenerant had abnormal meiosis and the same plant produced one seed with a variant hordein pattern. These findings are discussed in relation to the factors affecting somaclonal variation in cereals and to methods of assaying the variation. Key words: barley, isozymes, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

Field evaluation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes derived from tissue culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. R. Baillie ◽  
K. K. Kartha ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Somaclonal variation has been observed in plants derived via tissue culture in a number of crops, but evaluation has been on a small scale. This study was conducted to evaluate 72 tissue culture-derived barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for somaclonal variation in replicated small-plot field trials. Twenty putative somaclones from the cultivar Abee, 20 from Deuce, 15 from Duke and 17 from Heartland were evaluated at three Saskatchewan locations during 1989. Little variation was observed between regenerants and their respective parent cultivars for days to head, height, yield and yield components. When variation did occur it was generally of negative value, i.e., later heading date; lower test weight, 1000-kernel weight, percent plumpness and yield. Of the four groups, those from Deuce and Duke exhibited the most variation. A 5-d difference in heading date was observed for one Duke derivative and 18 of the 20 Deuce derivatives were shorter than the Deuce control. From this study, it was concluded that somaclonal variation would be of no benefit in a plant-breeding program.Key words: Barley, field evaluation, tissue culture, Hordeum vulgare L.

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