Organization and differentiation of the body-wall musculature in Macrostomum (Turbellaria, Macrostomidae)

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rieger ◽  
W. Salvenmoser ◽  
A. Legniti ◽  
S. Reindl ◽  
H. Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Musculature

scholarly journals The Blood-system in the Serpulimorpha (Annelida, Polychaeta)

1950 ◽  
Vol s3-91 (16) ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
JEAN HANSON
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Blood System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Vessel ◽  
The Family ◽  
Body Wall Musculature

1. The blood-system in sabellids of the following genera is described: Sabella, Potamilla, Branchiomma, Dasychone, Amphiglena, Fabricia, Jasmineira, Dialychone, and Myxicola. 2. The central blood-system of Sabella is typical of the family, but the peripheral blood-system is variable. 3. The dorsal vessel lacks the valve and muscular sphincter found in some serpulids. 4. Lateral vessels are present only in Sabella and Dasychone. 5. The differences and similarities between sabellid and serpulid blood-systems are discussed. Special attention is given to the functions of sub-epidermal and coelomic capillaries and the blood-supply of the body-wall musculature.

Muscle architecture during the course of development of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 (Trematoda, Diplostomidae) from cercariae to metacercariae

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Petrov ◽  
I. Podvyaznaya
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diplostomum Pseudospathaceum ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Body Wall Musculature

AbstractRecent confocal microscopy studies have greatly expanded our knowledge of muscle systems in cercariae and adult digeneans, but the gross anatomy and development of metacercarial musculature remain relatively little known. To further our understanding of metacercarial development, this study used phalloidin staining and confocal microscopy to examine changes in muscle architecture over the course of development from cercariae to infective metacercariae in Diplostomum pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984. The paper describes muscle development in the body wall, anterior organ (oral sucker), acetabulum, pharynx and midgut and in the musculo-glandular organs that first appear in metacercariae (lappets and holdfast). The muscle architecture of the cercarial tail is also described. The results of the study support previously reported observations that diplostomid musculature undergoes substantial transformation during metacercarial development. The most profound changes, involving extensive remodelling and replacement of cercarial muscles, were seen in the body-wall musculature and in the anterior organ as it developed into the oral sucker. Muscle systems of other cercarial organs showed more gradual changes. The adaptive importance of developmental changes in musculature is discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolic depression during environmental stress: the role of extracellular versus intracellular pH in Sipunculus nudus

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (8) ◽  
pp. 1801-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Reipschläger ◽  
H O Pörtner
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Extracellular Ph ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Sipunculus Nudus ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Wall Musculature

Environmental stresses such as hypoxia or hypercapnia are known to cause acid-base disturbances and in several organisms they lead to metabolic depression. The present study was undertaken to quantify the influence of these changes in acid&shyp;base parameters on metabolic rate. We determined the rate of oxygen consumption in a non-perfused preparation of the body wall musculature of the marine worm Sipunculus nudus at various levels of extra- and intracellular pH (pHe and pHi, respectively), PCO2 and [HCO3-]. The acid&shyp;base status of the tissue was modified and clamped by long-term exposure to media set to specific values of extracellular pH, PCO2 and [HCO3-]. At a pHe of 7.90, which is equivalent to the normoxic normocapnic in vivo extracellular pH, and an ambient PCO2 of 0.03 kPa (control conditions), pHi was 7.26±0.02 (mean ± s.d., N=5). A reduction of extracellular pH from 7.90 to 7.20 resulted in a significant decrease of pHi to 7.17±0.05 at 0.03 kPa PCO2 (normocapnia) and to 7.20±0.02 at 1.01 kPa PCO2 (hypercapnia). At the same time, the rate of oxygen consumption of the tissue was significantly depressed by 18.7±4.7 % and 17.7±3.0 %, respectively. A significant depression of oxygen consumption by 13.7±4.7 % also occurred under hypercapnia at pHe 7.55 when pHi was elevated above control values (7.32±0.01). No significant changes in oxygen consumption were observed when pHe was either drastically elevated to 8.70 under normocapnia (pHi 7.36±0.05) or maintained at 7.90 during hypercapnia (pHi 7.37±0.03). ATP and phospho-l-arginine concentrations, as well as the Gibbs free energy change of ATP hydrolysis (dG/dATP), were maintained at high levels during all treatments, indicating an equilibrium between energy supply and demand. We conclude that the depression of aerobic energy turnover in isolated body wall musculature of S. nudus is induced by low extracellular pH. A model is proposed which could explain a reduced ATP cost of pHi regulation during extracellular acidosis, thus contributing to metabolic depression.

Organization and differentiation of the body-wall musculature in Macrostomum (Turbellaria, Macrostomidae)

1991 ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rieger ◽  
W. Salvenmoser ◽  
A. Legniti ◽  
S. Reindl ◽  
H. Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Musculature
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