A NEW SPECIES OF PHYLLODISTOMUM (TREMATODA: GORGODERIDAE, LOOSS, 1899) FROM FRESHWATER FISH WALLAGO ATTU IN AKOLA DISTRICT (M.S.) INDIA

The present investigation deals with the systematic observation of a new species of Phyllodistomum khadensis Sp. Nov. from fresh water fish Wallago attu. The worm is close to all species of genus phyllodistomum in general the body is narrow while the posterior portion of the body is broad and triangular in shape. The oral sucker is terminal. The ventral sucker is rounded in structure and larger than oral sucker. The bladder is long and tubular.The anterior testis is smaller than posterior one. Vas deferans is long, tubular and forms vasa efferentia. Female reproductive organ includes single ovary having its duct. The vitelline glands are two in number compact lobes on either side of the ootype. The eggs are oval to round in shape.

Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Recovered from Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea

In this study, we intended to describe an unrecorded species of heterophyid trematode recovered from the small intestine of a Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. A total of 13 small flukes were collected from a deceased Korean raccoon dog which was found in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea in May 2017. The trematode body were covered with many small spines, rectangular, broader than long, 807-1,103 µm long and 1,270-1,550 µm wide. Oral sucker in the anterior end slightly smaller than acetabulum. Pharynx muscular and well developed. Esophagus relatively long and sigmoid. Acetabulum small and located at median in anterior 2/5 portion. Ceca bifurcated at the anterior of genital pore and acetabulum and terminated at testis level. Testes larger, deeply lobed and located at the near of posterior end of body. Ovary small, triangular and located at the slight left of median and the anterior of left testis. Vitelline follicles dendritic and extend from the middle level of esophagus to the posterior portion of body. Eggs embryonated, operculated, small and 33-35×15-16 µm in size. Based on the morphological characteristics, the small heterophyid flukes recovered from the small intestines of Korean raccoon dog, N. procyonoides koreensis, were identified as Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae). Accordingly, this species of heterophyid flukes is to be a new trematode fauna in Korea by this study.

THE ORAL SUCKER OF SOME GASTROINTESTINAL TREMATODES: HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH

We conducted histological and histochemical studies of the oral sucker of gastrointestinal trematodes of the family Paramphistomatidae, Fischoeder, 1901 living in the rumen of ruminants, namely, Liorchis scotiae, Paramphistomum cervi and Paramphistomum ichikawai. The oral sucker of paramphistomes and the Liorchis scotiae trematode is a complex muscular organ modified into a pharynx-sucker, the muscle complex of which is formed from longitudinal, circular and radial muscle fibers. In the thick pharynx wall, we found secretory cells, single neurosecretory cells and many desmoblastic cells of connective tissue. Histochemical stains showed intense staining with alcian blue, toluidine blue, bromophenol blue and a positive periodic acid Schiff reaction, which indicates the presence of glycosaminoglycans, total proteins and glycoproteins. Due to this structure, the pharynx sucker of gastrointestinal trematodes is involved in capturing food and evacuating its undigested residues from the helminth's body to the outside. In addition, the substances produced by secretory cells of the pharynx carry out a partial chemical treatment of the food consumed by the parasite and protect the parasite from substances that are metabolites of the host tissues and waste products of symbionts and commensals that inhabit the rumen of ruminants. Thus, trophic adaptation of the parasite in its ecological niche, the rumen of polygastric mammals, is ensured.

Adult ocular leech infestation

Ocular trauma accounts for a significant proportion of cases in any emergency eye outpatient department. There are very few cases reporting ocular injuries after leech exposure. Leeches are annelids belonging to the subclass Hirudinea; they dwell in fresh water and the sea and can be terrestrial. An oral sucker present anteriorly helps to attach to the host by releasing an anesthetic that prevents its recognition as a foreign body. Although many methods of leech removal have been proposed, its removal with forceps after instillation of local anesthetic remains a safe and effective method.

Morphological and Molecular Confirmation of Parvatrema duboisi Metacercariae in the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum from Gochang-gun, Korea

Gymnophallid metacercariae found in the Manila clam <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i> (‘Banjirak’ in Korean) from Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea were morphologically and molecularly confirmed to be <i>Parvatrema duboisi</i> (Dollfus, 1923) Bartoli, 1974. The metacercariae were morphologically characterized by having a large oral sucker, small ventral sucker, genital pore some distance anterior to the ventral sucker, no ventral pit, and 1 compact or slightly lobed vitellarium, which were all compatible with <i>P. duboisi</i>. Some of the metacercariae were experimentally fed to mice, and adult flukes were recovered at day 7 post-infection. The morphology of the adult flukes was basically the same as that of the metacercariae except for the presence of uterine eggs; the uterus was filled with up to 40 eggs. The nucleotide sequences (1,193 bp) from ITS regions (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2) of the metacercariae showed 99.7% identity with <i>P. duboisi</i> and 75.7% identity with <i>Gymnophalloides seoi</i> deposited in GenBank. These results confirmed the presence of <i>P. duboisi</i> metacercariae in the Manila clam <i>R. philippinarum</i> in an estuary region of Gochang-gun, Korea.

Glossidiella peruensis sp. nov., a new digenean (Plagiorchiida: Plagiorchiidae) from the lung of the brown ground snake Atractus major (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Peru

During a survey of helminth parasites of the brown ground snake, Atractus major Boulenger, 1894 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Moyobamba, region of San Martin (northeastern Peru), a new species of Glossidiella Travassos, 1927 (Plagiorchiida: Plagiorchiidae) was found and is described herein based on morphological and ultrastructural data. The digeneans found in the lung were measured and drawings were made with a drawing tube. The ultrastructure was studied using scanning electron microscope. Glossidiella peruensissp. nov. is easily distinguished from the type- and only species of the genus, Glossidiella ornata Travassos, 1927, by having an oblong cirrus sac (claviform in G. ornata), distinctly ovate testes (rounded testes in G. ornata) and button-like papillae on the dorsal edge of the oral sucker region (absent in G. ornata). In addition, G. peruensissp. nov. differs from G. ornata by possessing a longer distance between testes and substantially wider oral and ventral suckers. This is the first time that a species of digenean is described and reported parasitizing snakes in Peru.

Prevalence of Rumen and Reticulum Trematodes in The Goat Slaughtered at Pegirian Surabaya Slaughter House using Digestive Surgery Method

The purpose of this study was to determine the kind of trematodes which infected the rumen and reticulum of goat slaughtered at RPH Pegirian Surabaya using digestive surgery method, and determine the prevalence result. 36 samples of rumen and reticulum were collected from RPH Pegirian from September - November 2017 then using digestive surgery to obtain fresh adult worms, afterwards using the Semichen-Acetic Carmine staining method to makes the object easy to identifying. The results showed that species was found on goat was Paramphistomum cervi and Cotylophoron cotylophorum, in the Paramphistomum cervi are several characters wich is oral sucker, genital pore, uterus, testis, ventral sucker and in Cotylophoron cotylophorum contain oral sucker, branched oesophagus, uterus, vitelin glands, testes , posterior sucker. 3 rumen positive trematodosis with prevalence of 8.33% Chi-square statistic test (p>0.05) showed no effect between goat species and Trematodosis prevalence, 20 kacang goat and 16 peranakan etawa goat found 2 positive kacang goat (10%) and 1 peranakan etawa goat positive (6.25%).

First report of Dendrorchis retrobiloba Volonterio & Ponce de León, 2005 (Digenea, Gorgoderidae) in Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) (Characiformes, Characidae) from southern Brazil

Dendrorchis retrobiloba Volonterio & Ponce de León, 2005 was first described from the swim bladder of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) from Montevideo, Uruguay. In this study, we necropsied specimens of A. aff. fasciatus collected from Lake Guaíba, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for the analysis of their helminths. The digeneans were identified as D. retrobiloba by their elongated body, oral sucker longer than ventral sucker, and 2 posterior lobes. This is the first report of D. retrobiloba in A. aff. fasciatus from Lake Guaíba and extends the known geographic distribution of this parasite.

Study on the Morphology of Fasciola gigantica and Economic Losses due to Fasciolosis in Berau, East Kalimantan

Fasciolosis is one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Indonesia and causes significant economic losses. Fasciola gigantica is the main species found to infect livestock. This research aimed to describe the morphology of F. gigantica histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as ultrastructure morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the study was also carried out to determine the prevalence and estimation of economic losses due to fasciolosis in Berau Regency. The histological identification of flukes morphology found several organs including oral sucker (OS), ventral sucker (VS), cirrus (C), genital pore (GP), uterus (U), ovary (O), tegument (Te), testis (T), and caecum (C). In this study, ultrastructure morphology was divided into anterior and midbody region. In the anterior region, there are an oral sucker (OS) with a diameter of 304.5 µm and a ventral sucker (VS) with a diameter of 571 µm. It was also found the anterior spine with a width of 25.4 µm and a height of 22.8 µm. In the midbody, the spine has a width of ± 26.7 µm and a length of ± 38.9 µm leading posteriorly. Postmortem examination results showed that the prevalence of fasciolosis in Berau regency was 21.65% or 34 of 157 cows which were positive with an estimated loss of 228,656,475.00 IDR/16,450 USD (1 USD=13,900 IDR). The amount of loss due to fasciolosis must be a particular concern in carrying out control and prevention measures. Histology and ultrastructure morphology can become a reference in the development of anthelmintic testing that has been used so far in Indonesia.