Broccoli sprout Sulforaphane affected hemodynamics and aorta myogenic spontaneous rhythmic contraction in sanitized water uptake mice

Drinking seawater erodes water source will lead to hemodynamic changes in cardiovascular system. The erosion affected vascular biomechanics further interrupt the blood supply in arterial network. In this study, we investigated the carotid arterial hemodynamics in salinity water fed mice, and the relative spontaneous contraction of aorta preparation. The biological effect of Broccoli sprout Sulforaphane was assessed in intake hemodynamic changes. Kunming mice were randomly divided into seawater feeding group, seawater + Sulforaphane group, freshwater feeding group, fresh water + Sulforaphane group. After 4 weeks of feeding, the pressure waveforms of common carotid artery were analyzed in vivo. The enhanced common carotid arterial pressures were calculated according to the breakpoint of systolic pressure rising phase. The ejection time was calculated according to the dicrotic notch. In vitro, the isolated aorta biomechanical features were tested on a micro stepping platform. The passive tension and relative myogenic spontaneous contraction were evaluated. The results indicated that in salinity water fed mice heart rate, ejection period were significantly accelerated. The systolic pressure breakpoint of the ascending phase was significantly increased; however, the central aortic pressure augment index was decreased. In vitro study, the isolated aorta preparations indicated remarkable myogenic spontaneous contraction in salinity water fed mice. The spontaneous contraction indicated a significant cycle pattern, the waveform cluster changes regularly in one cycle, maximal amplitude of myogenic autonomic contraction increased significantly. Spontaneous contraction became more active, however cycle duration shortened. In biological effect of Broccoli sprout supplement, Sulforaphane was effective in reducing the heart rate, prolonging ejection period, improving systolic pressure and pulse pressure amplitude in salinity water fed mice. We concluded that long-term salinity water uptake can form a new hypertension model in mice, which can affect the changes of carotid artery hemodynamics and local blood supply. The Broccoli sprout Sulforaphane can improve the high systolic blood pressure and ejection period of artery, and its mechanism needs further study.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt corrupted colonic crypts declined the smooth muscle tension in mouse large intestine

Ulcerative colitis is one kind of colonic mucosa damage, shows high number of inflammatory epithelial cells. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induce a milder onset of colitis or a more aggressive response. It may damage the protective effects on intestinal barrier. In this study, we investigated the damaging of colon crypts, evaluated the smooth muscle tension beneath corrupted crypts in DSS exposed mice.Methodsfemale specific-pathogen-free BALB/C mice (n=16) are randomly divided as: group A: control mice (n=4); group B: DSS-mice (colitis, 5% DSS in drink water, days 1 to 7, n = 12). The DSS is replaced every 2 days. On day 8, mice colons are excised from the colon-cecal junction to the anus. The distal colon segment is longitude incision and aberrant crypt area are determined by methylene blue staining method. The smooth muscle strip is separated and prepared for passive tension tests. The rest segment is fixed with 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Histological scores are evaluated in hematoxylin-eosin staining section: crypt damage (none = 0, basal 1/3 damaged = 1, basal 2/3 damaged = 2, only the surface epithelium is intact = 3, and entire crypt and epithelium are lost = 4). The smooth muscle passive tension beneath the aberrant crypt area in DSS-mice are tested and compared with the preparations from control mice.ResultsIn DSS uptake mice, the inflammation in large intestine mucosa damaged crypts with architectural distortions on day 7 (n=7). In crypts damage area, the smooth muscle passive tension and relative myogenic spontaneous contraction parameters are significantly reduced under the high preload conditions. The maximum rate of change of velocity of spontaneous contraction was noticeable attenuated.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that low dosage DSS water drink result in corrupted colonic crypts. The corrupted crypts damage the large intestinal epithelium barrier, affect the smooth muscle functions, which declined in myogenic spontaneous contraction under the preload. This further may reduce the peristalsis in large intestine.

Cardiac striatin interacts with caveolin-3 and calmodulin in a calcium sensitive manner and regulates cardiomyocyte spontaneous contraction rate

Impaired cardiomyocyte contraction rate is detrimental to cardiac function and often lethal. Despite advancements in the field, there is a paucity of information regarding the coordination of molecules implicated in regulating the heart rate. Striatin (STRN) is a dynamic protein with binding domains to calmodulin (CaM) and caveolin (Cav), both of which are regulators of myocardial function. However, its role in cardiomyocyte contraction is not yet determined. Herein, we show that STRN is expressed in cardiomyocytes and is more abundant in atrial myocardium than in ventricles. Cardiac expression of STRN (protein and mRNA) was developmentally regulated with the highest expression being at neonatal stage (day one) and the lowest in adult rats (13 weeks). CaM pulldown assay indicated that the interaction of cardiac STRN with CaM and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) was calcium sensitive. Interestingly, the overexpression of STRN induced an increase (∼2-fold) in the rate of the spontaneous contraction of cultured cardiomyocytes, while the knockdown of STRN reduced their contraction rate (∼40%). The expression level of STRN was inversely proportional to the interaction of Cav-3 with the CaM/STRN complex. Collectively, our data delineate a novel role for STRN in regulating cardiomyocyte spontaneous contraction rate and the dynamics of the STRN/Cav-3/CaM complex.

The effect of extracellular ATP on rat uterine contraction from different gestational stages and its possible mechanisms of action

Background:The mechanisms underlying the onset of labor are not fully understood. Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is known to cause uterine contractions in different species but the exact underlying mechanisms are poorly investigated to date. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of extracellular ATP on spontaneous uterine contractions from different gestational stages and to elucidate its possible underlying mechanisms.Methods:Longitudinal uterine strips were obtained from rats in different gestational stages (nonpregnant, late-pregnant, and term-pregnant). The effects of 1 mM ATP were examined on uterine contractions generated spontaneously, depolarized by high-KCl (60 mM), induced by oxytocin (5 nM), in the presence of high external CaResults:Application of 1 mM extracellular ATP significantly increased the force of spontaneous contraction in uterine strips obtained from all gestational stages with prominent increase in term-pregnant rats compared to other gestations. ATP significantly increased the force induced by depolarization (122%, p=0.010, n=6), oxytocin (129%, p=0.001, n=7), high-CaConclusions:Extracellular ATP is able to increase the force and frequency of uterine contractions and its effect increases with the progression of pregnancy and it involves Ca