Chromosome inversion polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster III. Gametic disequilibria and the contributions of inversion clines to the Adh and Gpdh clines in Australasia

Genetica ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Knibb
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosome Inversion ◽  
Gametic Disequilibria

scholarly journals MOLECULAR POPULATION GENETICS OF THE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE GENE REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1190
Author(s):  
Charles F Aquadro ◽  
Susan F Desse ◽  
Molly M Bland ◽  
Charles H Langley ◽  
Cathy C Laurie-Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Restriction Map ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Chromosome Inversion ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Adh Activity

ABSTRACT Variation in the DNA restriction map of a 13-kb region of chromosome ll including the alcohol dehydrogenase structural gene (Adh) was examined in Drosophila melanogaster from natural populations. Detailed analysis of 48 D. melanogaster lines representing four eastern United States populations revealed extensive DNA sequence variation due to base substitutions, insertions and deletions. Cloning of this region from several lines allowed characterization of length variation as due to unique sequence insertions or deletions [nine sizes; 21-200 base pairs (bp)] or transposable element insertions (several sizes, 340 bp to 10.2 kb, representing four different elements). Despite this extensive variation in sequences flanking the Adh gene, only one length polymorphism is clearly associated with altered Adh expression (a copia element approximately 250 bp 5′ to the distal transcript start site). Nonetheless, the frequency spectra of transposable elements within and between Drosophila species suggests they are slightly deleterious. Strong nonrandom associations are observed among Adh region sequence variants, ADH allozyme (Fast vs. Slow), ADH enzyme activity and the chromosome inversion ln(2L)t. Phylogenetic analysis of restriction map haplotypes suggest that the major twofold component of ADH activity variation (high vs. low, typical of Fast and Slow allozymes, respectively) is due to sequence variation tightly linked to and possibly distinct from that underlying the allozyme difference. The patterns of nucleotide and haplotype variation for Fast and Slow allozyme lines are consistent with the recent increase in frequency and spread of the Fast haplotype associated with high ADH activity. These data emphasize the important role of evolutionary history and strong nonrandom associations among tightly linked sequence variation as determinants of the patterns of variation observed in natural populations.

scholarly journals Are dicentric anaphase bridges formed by somatic recombination in X chromosome inversion heterozygotes of Drosophila melanogaster?

1972 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Merriam ◽  
R. Nöthiger ◽  
A. Garcia-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Inversion ◽  
Anaphase Bridges ◽  
Somatic Recombination

Position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome inversion with a breakpoint in a satellite block and its suppression in a secondary rearrangement

Chromosoma ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene V. Tolchkov ◽  
Irina A. Kramerova ◽  
Sergei A. Lavrov ◽  
Vanya I. Rasheva ◽  
Silvia Bonaccorsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect Variegation ◽  
Chromosome Inversion ◽  
Effect Variegation ◽  
Secondary Rearrangement

scholarly journals Cloning and characterization of the scarlet gene of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Tearle ◽  
J M Belote ◽  
M McKeown ◽  
B S Baker ◽  
A J Howells
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Chromosome Inversion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
Scarlet Gene ◽  
Spontaneous Mutants

Abstract DNA from the scarlet (st) region of Drosophila melanogaster has been cloned by chromosome walking, using the breakpoints of a new X-ray-induced third chromosome inversion (In(3LR)st-a27) which breaks in the scarlet (73A3.4) and rosy (87D13-14) regions. Two spontaneous mutants of st(st1 and stsp) contain insertions of non-st DNA located within 3.0 kb of the site of the inversion breakpoint used to isolate the gene, and a second scarlet inversion breaks within 6.5 kb of this site. However no changes detectable by Southern blotting were found in 5 X-ray-induced st mutants with cytologically normal third chromosomes. A 2.3-kb transcript arising from the st gene region (as defined by mutant analysis and DNA transformation) has been detected. This transcript is present throughout development at low levels, with a peak level during the early to mid-pupal stage. The size and amount of this transcript is altered in st1, and its amount is drastically reduced in stsp. Flies carrying the white1 mutation show normal levels of expression of the st transcript, suggesting that the w+ gene does not regulate transcription of the st+ gene. Nucleotide homology between sequences from the st transcription unit and a fragment carrying coding information from the white gene has been detected. This suggests that the st and w proteins are related; they appear to belong to a family of membrane-spanning, ATP-binding proteins involved in the transport of pigment precursors into cells.

scholarly journals Molecular variation of Adh and P6 genes in an African population of Drosophila melanogaster and its relation to chromosomal inversions.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-799
Author(s):  
V Bénassi ◽  
S Aulard ◽  
S Mazeau ◽  
M Veuille
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Population ◽  
Molecular Polymorphism ◽  
Chromosome Inversion ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Chromosome Ii

Abstract Four-cutter molecular polymorphism of Adh and P6, and chromosome inversion polymorphism of chromosome II were investigated in 95 isogenic lines of an Ivory Coast population of Drosophila melanogaster, a species assumed to have recently spread throughout the world from a West African origin. The P6 gene showed little linkage disequilibrium with the In(2L)t inversion, although it is located within this inversion. This suggests that the inversion and the P6 locus have extensively exchanged genetic information through either double crossover or gene conversion. Allozymic variation in ADH was in linkage disequilibrium with In(2L)t and In(2R)NS inversions. Evidence suggests either that inversion linkage with the Fast allele is selectively maintained, or that this allele only recently appeared. Molecular polymorphism at the Adh locus in the Ivory Coast is not higher than in North American populations. New haplotypes specific to the African population were found, some of them connect the "WaS-like" haplotypes found at high frequencies in the United States to the other slow haplotypes. Their relation with In(2L)t supports the hypothesis that WaS recently recombined away from an In(2L)t chromosome which may be the cause of its divergence from the other haplotypes.

scholarly journals CHROMOSOME INVERSION POLYMORPHISMS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. LATITUDINAL CLINES AND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN INVERSIONS IN AUSTRALASIAN POPULATIONS

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-847
Author(s):  
W R Knibb ◽  
J G Oakeshott ◽  
J B Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosome Inversion ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Nineteen Australasian populations of Drosophila melanogaster have been screened for chromosome inversion polymorphisms. All 15 of the inversion types found are paracentric and autosomal, but only four of these, one on each of the major autosome arms, are common and cosmopolitan. North-south clines occur, with the frequencies of all four of the common cosmopolitan inversions increasing toward the equator. These clines in the Southern Hemisphere mirror north-south clines in the Northern Hemisphere, where the frequencies of all four of the common cosmopolitan inversions again increase towards the equator.—While few of the Australasian populations show significant disequilibrium between linked common cosmopolitan inversions, those that do invariably have excesses of coupling gametes, which is consistent with other reports. We also find nonrandom associations between the two major autosomes, with the northern populations in Australasia (those with high inversion frequencies) tending to be deficient in gametes with common cosmopolitan inversions on both major autosomes, while the southern populations in Australasia (low inversion frequencies) tend to have an excess of this class of gametes.—The clines and the nonrandom associations between the two major autosomes are best interpreted in terms of selection operating to maintain the common cosmopolitan inversion polymorphisms in natural populations of D. melanogaster.

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