Heterosis has been widely accepted as an effective strategy to increase yields in plant breeding. Notably, the chemical hybridization agent SQ-1 induces male sterility in wheat, representing a critical potential tool in hybrid seed production. However, the mechanisms underlying the male sterility induced by SQ-1 still remain poorly understood. In this study, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene, TaICK1, which encodes a 229 amino acid protein, was identified as a potential contributor to male sterility in common wheat. The expression of TaICK1 was upregulated during the development of anthers in Xinong1376 wheat treated with SQ-1. Meanwhile, the seed setting rate was found to be significantly decreased in TaICK1 transgenic rice. Furthermore, we identified two cyclin proteins, TaCYCD2;1 and TaCYCD6;1, as interactors through yeast two-hybrid screening using TaICK1 as the bait, which were validated using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Subcellular localization revealed that the proteins encoded by TaICK1, TaCYCD2;1, and TaCYCD6;1 were localized in the cell nucleus. The expression levels of TaCYCD2;1 and TaCYCD6;1 were lower in Xinong1376 treated with SQ-1. A further analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of OsCYCD2;1 and OsCYCD6;1 were lower in transgenic TaICK1 rice lines as well. Taken together, these results suggest that the upregulation of TaICK1, induced by SQ-1, may subsequently suppress the expression of TaCYCD2;1 and TaCYCD6;1 in anthers, resulting in male sterility. This study provides new insights into the understanding of SQ-1-induced wheat male sterility, as well as the developmental mechanisms of anthers.
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