Intergeneric (intersubtribe) hybridization between Moricandia arvensis and Brassica A and B genome species by ovary culture

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takahata ◽  
T. Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Ovary Culture ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Moricandia Arvensis

Repetitive DNAs of wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) and their relation to S-genome species: molecular cytogenetic analysis

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Raskina ◽  
Alexander Belyayev ◽  
Eviatar Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Wild Emmer Wheat ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Copia Retrotransposons

We have analyzed the chromosomal GISH molecular banding patterns of three populations of the wild allopolyploid wheat Triticum dicoccoides in an attempt to unravel the evolutionary relationships between highly repetitive DNA fractions of T. dicoccoides and proposed diploid progenitors of the B genome. Aegilops speltoides showed almost complete affinity of its repetitive DNA to C-heterochromatin of T. dicoccoides, whereas other S-genome species demonstrated relatedness only to distal heterochromatin. This substantiates the priority of Ae. speltoides as the most similar to the wheat B-genome donor in comparison with other Sitopsis species. Using molecular banding technique with DNA of different Aegilops species as a probe permits tracing of the origin of each heterochromatin cluster. Molecular banding analysis reveals polymorphism between three wild emmer wheat populations. Comparison of molecular banding patterns with chromosomal distribution of the Ty1-copia retrotransposons, which constitute a large share of T. dicoccoides genome, makes it possible to propose that the activity of transposable elements may lie in the background of observed intraspecific polymorphism.Key words: Aegilops, evolution, heterochromatin, Ty1-copia retrotransposons, Triticum.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing of Diverse Peanut (Arachis) Wild Species and the Cultivated Species Reveals a Wealth of Untapped Genetic Variability

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3825-3836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratan Chopra ◽  
Gloria Burow ◽  
Charles E Simpson ◽  
Jennifer Chagoya ◽  
Joann Mudge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract To test the hypothesis that the cultivated peanut species possesses almost no molecular variability, we sequenced a diverse panel of 22 Arachis accessions representing Arachis hypogaea botanical classes, A-, B-, and K- genome diploids, a synthetic amphidiploid, and a tetraploid wild species. RNASeq was performed on pools of three tissues, and de novo assembly was performed. Realignment of individual accession reads to transcripts of the cultivar OLin identified 306,820 biallelic SNPs. Among 10 naturally occurring tetraploid accessions, 40,382 unique homozygous SNPs were identified in 14,719 contigs. In eight diploid accessions, 291,115 unique SNPs were identified in 26,320 contigs. The average SNP rate among the 10 cultivated tetraploids was 0.5, and among eight diploids was 9.2 per 1000 bp. Diversity analysis indicated grouping of diploids according to genome classification, and cultivated tetraploids by subspecies. Cluster analysis of variants indicated that sequences of B genome species were the most similar to the tetraploids, and the next closest diploid accession belonged to the A genome species. A subset of 66 SNPs selected from the dataset was validated; of 782 SNP calls, 636 (81.32%) were confirmed using an allele-specific discrimination assay. We conclude that substantial genetic variability exists among wild species. Additionally, significant but lesser variability at the molecular level occurs among accessions of the cultivated species. This survey is the first to report significant SNP level diversity among transcripts, and may explain some of the phenotypic differences observed in germplasm surveys. Understanding SNP variants in the Arachis accessions will benefit in developing markers for selection.

Further data on the genomic relationships among wild perennial species (2n = 40) of the genus Glycine Willd.

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Singh ◽  
K. P. Kollipara ◽  
T. Hymowitz
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
Hybrid Weakness

The present study furnishes information about the current status of knowledge concerning the genomic relationships among 9 of the 12 wild perennial species (2n = 40) of the subgenus Glycine. Crossability rate, hybrid inviability, and meiotic pairing in intra- and inter-specific F1 hybrids revealed that genomically similar species, though morphologically distinct, crossed readily to produce hybrid progeny that were vigorous, fertile, and normal in meiotic pairing (20 bivalents at metaphase I). However, a chromatin bridge and acentric fragment were recorded in certain hybrid combinations, suggesting that the evolutionary divergence in genomically similar species occurred because of paracentric inversions. In contrast, crosses between genomically dissimilar species set pods that often aborted, showed hybrid weakness, seedling and vegetative lethality, seed inviability, and complete sterility. The sterility was attributed to disturbed meiotic pairing. It is obvious from this study that A-genome species such as G. canescens (AA) G. clandestina (intermediate pod, A1A1, and long pod, A2A2), and G. argyrea (A3A3), and B-genome species such as G. microphylla (BB), G. latifolia (B1B1), and G. tabacina (B2B2) predominate in the subgenus Glycine. Glycine cyrtoloba (CC) showed stronger genome homology to B-genome species than to A-genome species. Likewise, G. tomentella (DD) appeared to be more closely associated with A-genome species than to B-genome species. Although tomentellas with 38 and 40 chromosomes were indistinguishable morphologically, they differed genomically. Therefore, genome symbol EE was assigned to the 38-chromosome G. tomentella. Glycine falcata (FF) was found to be the most unusual species because it showed negligible chromosome homology with A- and B-genome species and did not set pods when cross-pollinated by C-, D-, and E-genome species.Key words: Glycine spp., genome, hybridization.

scholarly journals Arachis inflata: A New B Genome species of Arachis (Fabaceae)

Bonplandia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo J. Seijo ◽  
Margoth Atahuachi ◽  
Charles E. Simpson ◽  
Antonio Krapovickas †
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Distinct Morphology ◽  
A New Species

Great efforts have been done to collect germplasm of the Arachis genus in South America, however, many regions still remain underexplored. Under the hypothesis that these regions have new and diverse populations/species of Arachis, several expeditions were carried out since 2000 in Bolivia, to increase the documentation of the genus diversity. As a first result of these explorations, a new species of section Arachis with B genome is formally described. Arachis inflata is closely related to A. magna and A. ipaënsis, but it can be clearly distinguished from them, and from any other species of the genus, for having a type of fruit with a completely distinct morphology. The fruit has a smooth epicarp, but shows a bullated aspect, due to the presence of air chambers in the mesocarp.

Molecular biogeographic study of recently described B- and A-genome Arachis species, also providing new insights into the origins of cultivated peanut

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Burow ◽  
Charles E. Simpson ◽  
Michael W. Faries ◽  
James L. Starr ◽  
Andrew H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Marker Haplotype ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Arachis Batizocoi

The cultivated peanut Arachis hypogaea is a tetraploid, likely derived from A- and B-genome species. Reproductive isolation of the cultigen has resulted in limited genetic variability for important traits. Artificial hybridizations using selected diploid parents have introduced alleles from wild species, but improved understanding of recently classified B-genome accessions would aid future introgression work. To this end, 154 cDNA probes were used to produce 1887 RFLP bands scored on 18 recently classified or potential B-genome accessions and 16 previously identified species. One group of B-genome species consisted of Arachis batizocoi , Arachis cruziana , Arachis krapovickasii , and one potential additional species; a second consisted of Arachis ipaënsis , Arachis magna , and Arachis gregoryi . Twelve uncharacterized accessions grouped with A-genome species. Many RFLP markers diagnostic of A. batizocoi group specificity mapped to linkage group pair 2/12, suggesting selection or genetic control of chromosome pairing. The combination of Arachis duranensis and A. ipaënsis most closely reconstituted the marker haplotype of A. hypogaea, but differences allow for other progenitors or genetic rearrangements after polyploidization. From 2 to 30 alleles per locus were present, demonstrating section Arachis wild species variation of potential use for expanding the cultigen’s genetic basis.

scholarly journals The Use of DNA Sequences from the β-Amylase Gene to Determine the Genetic Relationship among Sweetpotato, I. batatas and Other Ipomoea Species in Series Batatas (Convolvulaceae)

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121E-1122
Author(s):  
Sriyani Rajapakse ◽  
Janice Ryan-Bohac ◽  
Sasanda Nilmalgoda ◽  
Robert Ballard ◽  
Daniel F. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dna Flow Cytometry ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
In Series ◽  
True Hybrid

The sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. is classified in series Batatas (Choisy) in Convolvulaceae, with 12 other species and an interspecific true hybrid. The phylogenetic relationships of a sweetpotato cultivar and 13 accessions of Ipomoeas in the series Batatas were investigated using the nucleotide sequence variation of the nuclear-encoded β-amylase gene. First, flowers were examined to identify the species, and DNA flow cytometry used to determine their ploidy. The sweetpotato accession was confirmed as a hexaploid, I. tabascana a tetraploid, and all other species were diploids. A 1.1–1.3 kb fragment of the β-amylase gene spanning two exons separated by a long intron was PCR-amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Exon sequences were highly conserved, while the intron yielded large sequence differences. Intron analysis grouped species currently recognized as A and B genome types into separate clades. This grouping supported the prior classification of all the species, with one exception. The species I. tiliacea was previously classified as a B genome species, but this DNA study classifies it as an A genome species. From the intron alignment, sequences specific to both A and B genome species were identified. Exon sequences indicated that I. ramosissima and I. umbraticola were quite different from other A genome species. Placement of I. littoralis was questionable: its introns were similar to other B genome species, but exons were quite different. Exon evolution indicated the B genome species evolved faster than A genome species. Both intron and exon results indicated the B genome species most closely related to sweetpotato (I. batatas) were I. trifida and I. tabascana.

Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Unpollinated Ovary Culture of Lily

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Yuan Suxia ◽  
Li Jia ◽  
Ming Jun ◽  
Liu Chun ◽  
Xu Leifeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Ovary Culture
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