Etiopathogenetic defect of malignant hyperthermia: Hypersensitive calcium-release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Release Channel

Functional expression of cDNA encoding the calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum in COS-1 cells

Biochemistry ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 3743-3753 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Wayne Chen ◽  
Donna M. Vaughan ◽  
Judith A. Airey ◽  
Roberto Coronado ◽  
David H. MacLennan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Rabbit Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Release Channel

scholarly journals Phosphorylation modulates the function of the calcium release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1823-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hain ◽  
S. Nath ◽  
M. Mayrleitner ◽  
S. Fleischer ◽  
H. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Release Channel

scholarly journals Modulation of the Frequency of Spontaneous Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release Events (Ca2+ Sparks) by Myoplasmic [Mg2+] in Frog Skeletal Muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Lacampagne ◽  
Michael G. Klein ◽  
Martin F. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Event Frequency ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Channel Opening ◽  
Sr Calcium Release

The modulation by internal free [Mg2+] of spontaneous calcium release events (Ca2+ “sparks”) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was studied in depolarized notched frog skeletal muscle fibers using a laser scanning confocal microscope in line-scan mode (x vs. t). Over the range of [Mg2+] from 0.13 to 1.86 mM, decreasing the [Mg2+] induced an increase in the frequency of calcium release events in proportion to [Mg2+]−1.6. The change of event frequency was not due to changes in [Mg-ATP] or [ATP]. Analysis of individual SR calcium release event properties showed that the variation in event frequency induced by the change of [Mg2+] was not accompanied by any changes in the spatiotemporal spread (i.e., spatial half width or temporal half duration) of Ca2+ sparks. The increase in event frequency also had no effect on the distribution of event amplitudes. Finally, the rise time of calcium sparks was independent of the [Mg2+], indicating that the open time of the SR channel or channels underlying spontaneous calcium release events was not altered by [Mg2+] over the range tested. These results suggest that in resting skeletal fibers, [Mg2+] modulates the SR calcium release channel opening frequency by modifying the average closed time of the channel without altering the open time. A kinetic reaction scheme consistent with our results and those of bilayer and SR vesicle experiments indicates that physiological levels of resting Mg2+ may inhibit channel opening by occupying the site for calcium activation of the SR calcium release channel.

scholarly journals Purified ryanodine receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle is the calcium-release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

1988 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Smith ◽  
T Imagawa ◽  
J Ma ◽  
M Fill ◽  
K P Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Rabbit Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Permeability Ratio ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Release Channel

The ryanodine receptor of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was purified as a single 450,000-dalton polypeptide from CHAPS-solubilized triads using immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified receptor had a [3H]ryanodine-binding capacity (Bmax) of 490 pmol/mg and a binding affinity (Kd) of 7.0 nM. Using planar bilayer recording techniques, we show that the purified receptor forms cationic channels selective for divalent ions. Ryanodine receptor channels were identical to the Ca-release channels described in native sarcoplasmic reticulum using the same techniques. In the present work, four criteria were used to establish this identity: (a) activation of channels by micromolar Ca and millimolar ATP and inhibition by micromolar ruthenium red, (b) a main channel conductance of 110 +/- 10 pS in 54 mM trans Ca, (c) a long-term open state of lower unitary conductance induced by ryanodine concentrations as low as 20 nM, and (d) a permeability ratio PCa/PTris approximately equal to 14. In addition, we show that the purified ryanodine receptor channel displays a saturable conductance in both monovalent and divalent cation solutions (gamma max for K and Ca = 1 nS and 172 pS, respectively). In the absence of Ca, channels had a broad selectivity for monovalent cations, but in the presence of Ca, they were selectively permeable to Ca against K by a permeability ratio PCa/PK approximately equal to 6. Receptor channels displayed several equivalent conductance levels, which suggest an oligomeric pore structure. We conclude that the 450,000-dalton polypeptide ryanodine receptor is the Ca-release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and is the target site of ruthenium red and ryanodine.

scholarly journals Single channel measurements of the calcium release channel from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Activation by Ca2+ and ATP and modulation by Mg2+.

1986 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Smith ◽  
R Coronado ◽  
G Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Ca Channel ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Release Channel

A high-conductance (100 pS in 53 mM trans Ca2+) Ca2+ channel was incorporated from heavy-density skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) fractions into planar lipid bilayers of the Mueller-Rudin type. cis Ca2+ in the range of 2-950 microM increased open probability (Po) in single channel records without affecting open event lifetimes. Millimolar ATP was found to be as good as or better than Ca2+ in activation; however, both Ca2+ and ATP were required to fully activate the channel, i.e., to bring Po = 1. Exponential fits to open and closed single channel lifetimes suggested that the channel may exist in many distinct states. Two open and two closed states were identified when the channel was activated by either Ca2+ or ATP alone or by Ca2+ plus nucleotide. Mg2+ was found to permeate the SR Ca channel in a trans-to-cis direction such that iMg2+/iCa2+ = 0.40. cis Mg2+ was inhibitory and in single channel recordings produced an unresolvable flickering of Ca- and nucleotide-activated channels. At nanomolar cis Ca2+, 4 microM Mg2+ completely inhibited nucleotide-activated channels. In the presence of 2 microM cis Ca2+, the nucleotide-activated macroscopic Ba conductance was inhibited by cis Mg2+ with an IC50 equal to 1.5 mM.

scholarly journals Activation and inhibition of the calcium-release channel of isolated skeletal muscle heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum. Models of the calcium-release channel

1990 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-559
Author(s):  
Wolfgang WYSKOVSKY ◽  
Martin HOHENEGGER ◽  
Brigitte PLANK ◽  
Gertrude HELLMANN ◽  
Sabine KLEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Release Channel

Heat Production During Anesthetic-Induced Malignant Hyperthermia

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Inhaled Anesthetics ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Life Threatening

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disease which predisposes to the trigger of a life-threatening, hypermetabolic syndrome by potent inhaled anesthetics and by depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants. Heat production in the anesthetized MH can be profound with 5-fold increases in oxygen consumption. The trigger anesthetics cause an abnormal, sustained rise in myoplasmic calcium levels. Possible mechanisms by which continuous release of calcium from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum stores can produce the profound hyperthermia are discussed. Mutations in the gene coding the ryanodine receptor calcium release channel have been found in MH families and these mutant channels may be the functionsl basis for MH.

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